信息网络时代著作权合理使用制度研究

发布时间：2018-02-07 12:51

本文关键词： 著作权合理使用信息网络时代著作权法　出处：《上海社会科学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：理论界对著作权合理使用制度的准确界定存在争议,但笔者认为可将著作权合理使用制度定义为基于法律的直接规定,行为人为了实现公共利益,无需征得著作权人的同意,即可无偿使用他人享有著作权的作品的制度。关于著作权合理使用行为的性质,现阶段并无定论,笔者认为著作权合理使用行为的性质是一种使用者享有的尚未上升为权利的法益。在信息网络时代,因为传播技术的发展与著作权内容的变化,有研究者对著作权合理使用制度存在的必要性提出疑问。从宪法学领域维护公共利益的角度和经济学领域刺激科学文化创造的角度,著作权合理使用制度在信息网络时代有存续必要性。在信息网络时代,将著作权合理使用制度的适用对象拘泥于已发表作品,已不利于司法实践,也不利于我国法与我国所加入的国际条约之间的协调,下一阶段我国法上应建立关于未发表作品的著作权合理使用制度。在信息网络时代,著作权人权利扩张到新的领域和新的客体,但著作权合理使用制度的适用范围有缩小趋势,应将著作权合理使用制度的适用范围扩大到数字图书馆、滑稽模仿、远程教学等新领域,并在我国著作权法上使用概括性的立法技术,扩大著作权合理使用制度的适用范围。对于著作权合理使用制度中"合理性"的判断标准,我国法上缺少统一的、具有可操作性的规则。国际公约中的"三步检验法"从特殊情形、不与原作品的正常使用相冲突、非无故损害权利人的合理利益三个角度判断使用行为的合理性。美国法中的"四要素"判断标准从使用作品的目的和性质、适用对象的性质、使用的数量和内容的实质性、对被使用作品产生的市场或价值影响四个方面着手,建立起合理使用原则性的判断标准。信息网络时代,"三步检验法"和"四要素"判断标准都面临失灵的风险。"三步检验法"的特殊情形在司法实践中屡遭扩大化解释,不与原作品的正常使用相冲突无法通过市场销售份额得到有效判断。与之类似,"四要素"判断标准中的使用作品的目的和性质及对被使用作品的影响也无法得到准确的判断结果。建议采取"概括主义"加"列举主义"的立法技巧,将适用对象扩大到未发表作品,将适用范围延伸至到新兴的网络课堂、数字图书馆等领域,并汲取"三步检验法"和"四要素"判断方法的精华,去除其在信息网络时代不适宜之处,形成第一要素看使用行为的正当性,第二要素看使用的数量和内容的实质性,第三要素看是否实质性损害著作权人可得利益的原则性判断标准。
[Abstract]:However, the author believes that the copyright fair use system can be defined as a direct regulation based on the law, and the actor does not need to obtain the consent of the copyright owner in order to realize the public interest. The system for the free use of works in which others enjoy copyright. As to the nature of the rational use of copyright, there is no final conclusion at this stage. The author thinks that the nature of the rational use of copyright is a kind of legal interest that users have not risen to rights. In the age of information network, because of the development of communication technology and the change of copyright content, Some researchers have questioned the necessity of the fair use of copyright. From the perspective of safeguarding the public interest in the field of constitutional law and stimulating the creation of science and culture in the field of economics, The reasonable use of copyright is necessary in the era of information network. In the era of information network, it is not good for judicial practice to restrict the object of fair use of copyright to published works. It is also not conducive to the coordination between Chinese law and the international treaties to which China is a party. In the next stage, China should establish a system for the rational use of copyright in unpublished works. The rights of copyright owners extend to new fields and new objects, but the scope of application of the system of fair use of copyright has a tendency of narrowing, and the scope of application of the system of fair use of copyright should be extended to digital libraries and antics. In the new fields, such as distance education, and the use of general legislative techniques in the copyright law of our country, the scope of application of the system of fair use of copyright is expanded, and the judgment standard of "reasonableness" in the system of rational use of copyright, The "three-step test method" in international conventions does not conflict with the normal use of the original works from special situations. The judgment criterion of "four elements" in American law is based on the purpose and nature of the work used, the nature of the applicable object, the quantity and substance of the use. Starting with four aspects of the market or value impact of the work being used, In the age of information network, the criteria of "three-step test" and "four elements" are all faced with the risk of failure. The special situation of "three-step test" has been repeatedly expanded and interpreted in judicial practice. No effective judgment can be obtained by market share without conflict with the normal use of the original work. Similarly, the purpose and nature of the used work in the "four elements" criterion and its influence on the used work cannot be obtained. It is recommended that the legislative techniques of "generalism" and "enumeration" be adopted. Expanding the scope of application to unpublished works, extending the scope of application to emerging areas such as online classrooms, digital libraries, and drawing on the essence of the "three-step test" and "four elements" judgment methods, To remove its unsuitability in the age of information network, forming the first element to see the legitimacy of the use behavior, and the second factor to look at the quantity and content of the substance of the use. The third factor to see whether the substantial damage to the interests of copyright owners principle criteria.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.41

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