非接触式齿轮倒角轮廓测量系统

发布时间：2018-02-27 23:46

本文关键词： 齿轮倒角非接触测量机器视觉激光位移传感器系统精度　出处：《天津科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：齿轮传动是汽车变速箱的最重要的传动部件,其倒角加工质量与加工精度会直接影响汽车变速箱和整个传动系统的性能,因此需要对齿轮倒角的加工精度进行检测。目前工厂对齿轮倒角轮廓检测的主要方法还是采用基于装卡定位的探针式接触测量,测量精度高但定位方式复杂,且探针在测量过程中与齿轮面划擦,容易造成磨损。本文在基于视觉定位与激光测量技术的两级非接触式齿轮倒角测量的基础上,实现了齿轮倒角轮廓的快速、精密、高效率测量。机器视觉在制造业主要用来检测工件几何尺寸,单目视觉采用CCD进行平面内定位和测量,无法完全获得在高度方向上的参数。而激光测量技术主要采用激光三角法测距,可对物体表面进行非接触式测量,在高度方向能实现高精度测量,Keyence激光传感器测量精度可达0.1 μm。本文结合视觉检测快速定位的优点,引导激光位移传感器运动至测量点附近进行轮廓测量,实现检测的自动化和智能化。课题研究的主要内容包括：1)介绍课题的研究背景及国内国外的研究现状；2)根据齿轮倒角检测要求,阐述了基于单目CCD视觉定位,采用高精度激光位移传感器测量倒角轮廓的测量方案；3)根据系统方案和测量要求,对非接触式齿轮倒角轮廓测量系统的硬件结构进行设计、计算与选型；4)根据系统测量原理,对非接触式齿轮倒角轮廓测量系统的软件进行界面设计与编程或改进功能,主要包含齿轮图像边缘提取、齿轮中心定位、测量路径规划,及测量结果显示；5)通过实验研究了测量系统各组成部分的精度,系统存在的误差,测量系统的稳定性和适应性,分析误差产生的原因并提出减小测量误差的方法。
[Abstract]:Gear transmission is the most important transmission part of automobile gearbox. Its chamfering quality and precision will directly affect the performance of automobile gearbox and the whole transmission system. Therefore, the machining accuracy of gear chamfering angle should be tested. At present, the main method of gear chamfering profile detection in factory is to adopt probe contact measurement based on clamping positioning, which has high precision but complex positioning method. In this paper, based on the two-stage non-contact gear chamfering measurement based on vision positioning and laser measurement technology, the gear chamfering profile is realized quickly and accurately. High efficiency measurement. Machine vision is mainly used to measure the geometric dimension of workpiece in manufacturing industry. Monocular vision uses CCD to locate and measure in plane. The parameters in the height direction can not be obtained completely. The laser measurement technology mainly uses the laser triangulation method to measure the distance, which can be used for the non-contact measurement of the surface of the object. The measurement accuracy of the laser sensor can reach 0.1 渭 m in the direction of height. In this paper, the laser displacement sensor is guided to measure the contour near the measuring point by combining the advantages of fast positioning with visual detection. The main contents of the research include: 1) introducing the research background of the subject and the present research situation at home and abroad. 2) according to the requirements of gear chamfering detection, this paper expounds the vision positioning based on monocular CCD. According to the system scheme and measurement requirements, the hardware structure of the non-contact gear chamfer profile measurement system is designed, and the calculation and selection are made according to the principle of the system measurement. The software of non-contact gear chamfer profile measurement system is designed and programmed or improved, which mainly includes gear image edge detection, gear center location, measurement path planning, etc. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the components of the measurement system, the errors existing in the system, the stability and adaptability of the measurement system, the causes of the errors are analyzed and the methods to reduce the errors are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：天津科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U463.212;TP391.41

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