基于优先级的需求管理的研究与应用

发布时间：2018-03-21 08:30

本文选题：需求管理　切入点：需求优先级　出处：《中国海洋大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：信息产业经过十几年的快速发展,软件系统的复杂度逐渐变高,系统集成的规模逐渐变大,造成了项目不成功的概率逐渐增高,怎么样将软件项目的失败率降低成了目前业界迫切需要攻破的一个难题。项目能否成功取决于很多因素。需求作为软件开发过程中很关键的一部分,能否对其进行有效的管理将对项目造成很直接的影响。本文在充分学习和研究了当前软件项目过程中需求管理的方法上,提出了基于优先级的方法在项目实施过程中对需求进行管理,项目的需求管理以优先级为核心,并尝试将其应用到船舶机务管理系统的项目实施中,提高管理效率,并借此来推动项目的成功。本文首先介绍了关于船舶机务管理系统开发项目的研究背景,在了解到需求管理问题可能是该项目的难点后,为了提高项目的成功率,避免项目过程中可能的风险,对传统需求管理工程进行了深入的学习和梳理,汲取好的经验和方法,同时回顾了层次分析法,将其应用到需求优先级的排序中,建立了需求优先级评价模型。针对基于优先级的需求排序算法,改进了项目的需求管理方法,制定了在需求发生变更时的处理方案。在实际的项目中,对船舶机务管理系统的需求进行充足的了解和分析后,对之前建立的评价模型和需求管理方法进行了应用,使用层次分析法对各个需求进行了权重的计算,根据此权重来安排和调整项目的开发时间和进度。船舶机务管理系统在上线后得到了用户的认可,从项目的结果中验证了该方法正确性和可行性。本文通过使用定量的需求决策结果报告指导决策层的工作,解决了传统软件项目在管理过程中凭借经验主管决策的弊端,保证了每次决策结果的合理性,将可能造成的影响降到了最低。在项目复杂、关键用户之间的需求分歧大、项目管理团队对需求的把控经验不丰富的客观不利因素情况下,能够有效的减小差异,快速达成一致,确定开发需求基准,保证项目的顺利开展和成功。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of information industry for more than ten years, the complexity of software system becomes higher, the scale of system integration becomes larger, and the probability of project failure increases gradually. How to reduce the failure rate of software projects has become a difficult problem that the industry urgently needs to break through. The success of the project depends on many factors. Requirements are a key part of the software development process. Whether it can be managed effectively will have a direct impact on the project. In this paper, a priority-based method is proposed to manage the requirements in the process of project implementation. The project needs management takes priority as the core, and tries to apply it to the project implementation of ship engine management system to improve the management efficiency. In order to improve the success rate of the project, this paper first introduces the research background of the ship engine management system development project, after knowing that the requirement management problem may be the difficulty of the project, To avoid the possible risks in the process of the project, this paper studies and combs the traditional requirement management engineering, learns the good experience and methods, and reviews the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), which is applied to the priority ranking of the requirements. The requirement priority evaluation model is established. According to the priority-based requirement ranking algorithm, the requirement management method of the project is improved, and the processing scheme when the requirement changes. In the actual project, After sufficient understanding and analysis of the requirements of ship engine management system, the evaluation model and demand management method established before are applied, and the weight of each demand is calculated by AHP. According to this weight to arrange and adjust the development time and schedule of the project. The correctness and feasibility of the method are verified from the results of the project. By using quantitative requirement decision result report to guide the work of decision making layer, this paper solves the drawback of traditional software project management based on experience. It ensures the rationality of each decision result, and minimizes the possible impact. In the case of complex projects, large demand differences among key users, and objective adverse factors, the project management team does not have rich experience in controlling requirements. Can effectively reduce the differences, quickly reach agreement, determine the development requirements benchmark, ensure the smooth development and success of the project.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TP311.52

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