基于FPGA的无人机载毫米波宽带避障雷达关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 06:34

本文选题：避障雷达 + FPGA　；参考：《南京理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,无人机技术在不断发展,已经广泛应用于军事和民事的各个领域,具有广阔的发展前景。无人机常需要在低空复杂环境中执行任务,为了保障无人机执行任务时的安全,需要避障雷达来进行预警和避障。本文以电力线避障科研项目为研究背景,对无人机避障雷达进行了深入分析,设计了稳定、低成本、小型化线性调频宽带毫米波避障雷达。按照发射机、接收机和FPGA信号处理三个部分给出了具体的雷达系统设计方案。主要研究内容如下:在发射机设计部分,介绍了发射机方案的选择及宽带调频源、功分器、倍频器和功率放大器的设计。针对宽带调频源的产生提出了基于FPGA的压控振荡器(VCO)开环线性校正方法,通过FPGA对VCO的电调特性进行开环宽带线性校正。利用ADS设计了功分器、倍频器和功率放大器。通过试验验证了设计的可行性。在接收机设计部分,介绍了接收机方案的选择及低噪放、混频器和中频滤波放大电路的设计。中频滤波不仅实现了滤除杂波和噪声的功能,还对近距离目标进行适当的衰减,避免了因近距离目标回波功率过大而使放大电路饱和的问题,测试表明中频放大电路增益满足系统要求。在FPGA信号处理部分,研究了信号处理模块FPGA的实现,并利用Altium软件设计原理图和完成了 PCB布局布线,并完成了 PCB图的制版、焊接和测试,验证了程序的正确性和可靠性,最后进行了联调。最后,进行了静态和试飞实验。测试数据表明,所设计的毫米波避障雷达系统满足了无人机避障电力线的要求,并在2016年底,通过了山东国网电力研究院相关项目的技术评审。
[Abstract]:In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has been widely used in military and civilian fields.UAVs often need to perform missions in low altitude and complex environments. In order to ensure the safety of UAVs, obstacle avoidance radar is required to carry out early warning and obstacle avoidance.Based on the research project of power line obstacle avoidance, the UAV obstacle avoidance radar is deeply analyzed, and a stable, low cost, miniaturized linear frequency modulation wideband millimeter-wave obstacle avoidance radar is designed.According to the three parts of transmitter, receiver and FPGA signal processing, the design scheme of radar system is given.The main contents are as follows: in the part of transmitter design, the selection of transmitter scheme and the design of broadband frequency modulation source, power divider, frequency multiplier and power amplifier are introduced.An open-loop linear correction method based on FPGA is proposed for the generation of wideband frequency modulation sources. The open-loop wideband linear correction of the electrical modulation characteristics of VCO is performed by FPGA.The power divider, frequency multiplier and power amplifier are designed by ADS.The feasibility of the design is verified by experiments.In the part of receiver design, the selection of receiver scheme and the design of low noise amplifier, mixer and if filter amplifier are introduced.If filter can not only filter clutter and noise, but also attenuate the close-range target properly, so as to avoid the problem of amplifying circuit saturation due to the high echo power of the close-range target.The test results show that the gain of if amplifier meets the requirements of the system.In the part of FPGA signal processing, the realization of signal processing module (FPGA) is studied, and the schematic diagram of PCB is designed by Altium software and the layout and wiring of PCB is completed, and the plate-making, welding and testing of PCB diagram are completed. The correctness and reliability of the program are verified.Finally, a joint adjustment is carried out.Finally, static and flight test experiments are carried out.The test data show that the designed millimeter-wave obstacle avoidance radar system can meet the requirements of UAV obstacle avoidance power line, and passed the technical evaluation of the related project of Shandong National Power Research Institute in late 2016.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：V279;TN959

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