身份认同与现实焦虑：都市职场剧《欢乐颂》的文化批判

发布时间：2018-04-27 06:00

本文选题：《欢乐颂》 + 身份认同　；参考：《四川外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：2016年电视剧《欢乐颂》热播,逐渐演化为折射中国当下社会阶层及其生活现实的大讨论。一部描写都市职场女性的电视剧为何会引起如此大的社会反响;“《欢乐颂》效应”背后隐喻的是怎样的社会现实;其成功又给中国现实题材电视剧创作带来了什么样的启示,成为一个值得关注的话题。笔者选取《欢乐颂》作为研究对象,综合运用传播学、社会学、文化研究、叙事学等相关理论,从文本、受众、身份认同三个维度,对其进行一种跨学科的文化思考。《欢乐颂》作为文化研究的样本,将都市职场剧、家庭伦理剧、言情剧的某些类型元素嫁接在一起,不仅发挥了它们各自的叙事功能,更让其因相互碰撞而产生新的审美效果。《欢乐颂》在叙事手段上煞费苦心,描绘了处在都市职场不同阶层的女性形象,运用现实主义的表现手法最大限度地还原她们的生存样态。《欢乐颂》构建出一个和真实生活近乎等同的时空,让受众产生了极强的代入感。从叙事者、叙事视点、以及叙事主体等方面对受众的审美习惯和价值引导产生了巨大的影响,在很大程度上推动和塑造了观众的身份认同。从受众分析来看,网民们的积极互动为《欢乐颂》的迅速传播提供了巨大的动力。笔者借助网络平台采取发放问卷和深度访谈的方法,对《欢乐颂》的受众展开调查,并从年龄、性别、教育程度、职业等六个方面对其进行了描述。通过对问卷的讨论和分析,发现在中产阶层和女性观众对该剧认可度很高。笔者还结合传播学“使用与满足”理论,指出《欢乐颂》的广受欢迎与其对受众的认同心理、补偿心理、猎奇心理的满足密不可分。《欢乐颂》的热播,是由于受众对剧中人物形象和价值观念产生了认同式的解读,将剧中人物投射到自己身上产生了身份认同。与其说《欢乐颂》是一部都市职场剧,不如说它是一部现实主义电视剧。《欢乐颂》通过对一个虚拟世界的塑造给大众的欲望提供了一个想象和发泄的渠道。受众在欣赏电视剧的同时,将人物的命运投射到自己身上。现实中无法解决的困境在电视剧中得到解决,这让受众产生了极强的错觉,希望模仿剧中人物的生活方式为自己在现实生活中寻找出路。然而电视剧始终是一种镜像的虚拟,不论多么接近现实但终究不是。将虚构的影视世界与现实生活混淆,必然会面临很大的问题,引发自我怀疑,从而产生更深的现实焦虑。《欢乐颂》的成功得益于其对时代和环境的真实把握和反映,而观众则会在与《欢乐颂》故事文本互文的作用下,对相关问题进行理解与认知,也会在“符号世界”与“周围现实”的共同影响下做出判断与选择。
[Abstract]:The 2016 TV series "Ode to Joy" has gradually evolved into a great discussion reflecting the current social class and the reality of life in China. Why a TV series depicting urban women in the workplace caused such a social repercussions; what kind of social reality is metaphorically behind the "Ode to Joy" effect; and what kind of inspiration its success has brought to the creation of realistic TV dramas in China. Become a topic of concern. The author chooses Ode of Joy as the object of study, synthetically applies the theories of communication, sociology, culture research and narratology, from three dimensions: text, audience, identity, etc. "Ode to Joy", as a sample of cultural research, grafted together some types of elements of urban career drama, family ethics drama and romance drama, which not only played their respective narrative functions. It also causes it to have a new aesthetic effect because of the collision. "Ode to Joy" painstakingly portrays the image of women at different levels of the urban workplace in terms of narrative techniques. The realistic expression method is used to restore their existence to the maximum extent. "Ode to Joy" constructs a space and time almost equal to the real life, which makes the audience have a strong sense of substitution. From narrator, narrative point of view, narrative subject and other aspects of the audience aesthetic habits and value guidance has a huge impact, to a large extent, to promote and shape the audience's identity. From the audience analysis, the positive interaction of netizens provides a huge impetus for the rapid spread of Ode to Joy. With the help of the Internet platform, the author carries out a survey on the audience of Ode to Joy by means of questionnaires and in-depth interviews, and describes it from six aspects: age, sex, education, occupation, etc. Through the discussion and analysis of the questionnaire, it is found that the middle-class and female audience have a high acceptance of the play. Combining with the theory of "use and satisfaction" in communication, the author points out that the popularity of "Ode to Joy" is closely related to the satisfaction of the audience's identity, compensation and curiosity, and the popularity of "Ode to Joy". It is because the audience interprets the characters' images and values in the drama and projects the characters to themselves to produce identity. "Ode to Joy" is not so much an urban career drama as a realist TV drama. It provides a channel for imagination and venting through the creation of a virtual world for the masses. The audience, while appreciating the TV series, projects the fate of the characters to themselves. The dilemma that can not be solved in reality is solved in TV series, which makes the audience have a strong illusion, hoping to imitate the life style of the characters in the play to find a way out for themselves in real life. However, TV drama is always a mirror image of the virtual, no matter how close to reality but not after all. To confuse the fictional film and television world with real life will inevitably lead to great problems, which will lead to self-doubt and create deeper realistic anxiety. The success of Ode to Joy benefits from its true grasp and reflection of the times and environment. On the other hand, the audience will understand and cognize the related problems under the function of intertextuality with "Ode to Joy", and also make judgment and choice under the influence of "symbolic world" and "surrounding reality".
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G222

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