物联网轻量级IP寻址技术研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 09:53

本文关键词：物联网轻量级IP寻址技术研究　出处：《南京邮电大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：物联网终端包含了人们生活和生产领域中的各种物品与设备,其数量庞大,种类多样。如何将任意物品或者设备按某种编码方式接入物联网,如何实现物联网中任意物品及设备的寻址以建立通讯连接,是建设物联网必须解决的问题。物联网寻址技术作为物联网核心技术之一,在物品与设备以特定方式接入互联网的基础上,实现物联网中任意终端准确、高效、安全的寻址,对它的研究和实践将从真正意义上构建一个互联互通的泛在网络。本文以物联网通信为应用背景,以实现统一高效的寻址系统为研究目标,从物联网资源寻址模型、终端编码机制、组网及路由机制以及实现异构网络的端到端寻址这四个方面对物联网IP寻址技术展开研究,其主要创新工作如下:(1)针对物联网终端的多样性及编码异构问题,构建了一种物联网终端资源迭代寻址模型,提出一种物联网轻量级IPv6寻址方法。物联网终端中存在多种物品编码方式,以及异构的感知设备,控制设备网络,造成物联网孤岛式的应用模式。针对这一问题,本文对物联网寻址特性进行了研究与分析,构建了物联网终端资源迭代寻址模型;同时设计了基于IPv6的轻量级编码寻址机制,通过定义虚拟域的方式实现了基于IPv6编码的物联网终端统一寻址。(2)针对物联网终端地址配置多样性问题,将感知网络拓扑模型化,提出一种物联网终端IPv6地址配置方法。对于低功耗有损网络,IPv6地址的数量及无状态配置机制满足了物联网终端数量庞大和传感器网络的自组织配置需求。针对这一问题,本文提出一种基于感知网络拓扑模型化的物联网终端IPv6地址配置方法。该方法将物联网典型应用网络架构与终端通信需求和IPv6的地址类型相结合,在现有成熟IPv6地址配置基础上,给出相应基础网络架构与混合式网络架构的物联网终端地址配置方法。该套机制切合了轻量级IPv6数据包通信的首部压缩机制要求,降低了节点在地址配置过程中的存储资源与能量资源消耗,对实现物联网统一轻量级IP寻址奠定了基础。(3)针对物联网终端IPv6寻址过程中,首部压缩机制中存在的上下文管理问题,提出一种地址前缀自适应配置与上下文表动态分发与同步方法。为解决数据包首部压缩机制中的上下文管理问题,本文提出一种基于6LoWPAN_IPHC的上下文动态管理机制。该机制包含了地址前缀自适应配置方法及上下文动态分发与多源同步方法,其中地址前缀自适应配置机制免除了人工配置的麻烦,适合在低功耗的有损网络中运行。同时,网关节点能够根据网络流量计算出地址前缀使用最为频繁的主机,将这些主机的地址前缀优先写入上下文表中,提高了整个网络的压缩率。上下文动态分发与多源同步方法详细设计了上下文消息在全网节点中的更新与同步机制,并将这一机制应用到扩展LoWPAN域中,保证了上下文表在扩展域中的一致性。(4)针对异构网络之间的寻址问题,提出一种基于虚拟网络驱动的边界网关设计方法,搭建了物联网轻量级IPv6寻址系统,实现了感知网络与互联网的互联互通。为实现无线传感器节点与互联网IPv6主机的端到端寻址,本文给出了无线传感器网络与互联网的轻量级IP寻址方法,提出一种基于虚拟网络驱动的6LoWPAN边界网关的设计方法。通过一台PC机与6Lo WPAN适配器相连接的方式,将6LoWPAN适配层功能封装在PC机上的虚拟网络适配驱动中,降低了修改PC机内核的复杂度,同时避免了网关处的协议转换,保证了异构网络之间的通信质量,实现了物联网轻量级IP寻址系统。结合以上四项主要研究内容,本文从模型构建、关键技术以及系统实现等角度对物联网轻量级IP寻址机制进行了探索与研究。本文所提出的基于IPv6的物联网终端编码及寻址机制在保证高效,可靠的资源获取基础上,不仅降低了节点地址配置过程中的存储资源与能量资源消耗,提高了数据包在寻址过程中的压缩率,同时避免了网关处的协议转换,降低了网关实现复杂度。所实现的物联网轻量级IP寻址系统能够与互联网寻址进行无缝对接,对以实现互联互通为目标的物联网建设具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:The Internet of things (IOT) terminal contains a variety of goods and equipment in the life and production fields, with a large number and variety. How to connect any items or devices to the Internet of things in a certain way, how to address the objects and devices in the Internet of things and establish communication links is the problem that we must solve in Building Internet of things. Addressing networking technology as the core technology of the Internet of things based on goods and equipment access in a specific way on the Internet, to achieve arbitrary terminal addressing in the Internet of things is accurate, efficient and safe, the research and practice of it will build an interconnection from the true sense of the ubiquitous network. In this paper, networking communication as the application background, addressing system to achieve a unified and efficient as the research object, from the network model of the resource addressing, terminal encoding mechanism, networking and routing mechanism and realize end-to-end addressing of heterogeneous networks in the four aspects of networking IP addressing technology research, the main innovations are as follows: (1) for networking terminal diversity and heterogeneous encoding problem, constructs a networking terminal resource addressing model presents an iterative, networking lightweight IPv6 addressing method. In the Internet of things, there are many kinds of articles encoding methods, and the heterogeneous sensing devices, control the network of equipment, and cause the application mode of the islet in the Internet of things. To solve this problem, the networking addressing characteristics are studied and analyzed, the construction of Internet terminal resources addressing and design iterative model; lightweight encoding addressing mechanism based on IPv6, through the definition of the virtual domain to achieve the IPv6 encoding based on the networking terminal unified addressing. (2) in view of the diversity of the terminal address configuration of the Internet of things, the topology of the perceptive network is modeled, and a IPv6 address configuration method for the terminal of the Internet of things is proposed. For the low power lossy network, the number of IPv6 addresses and stateless configuration mechanism satisfy the large number of terminals in the Internet of things and the self-organizing configuration requirements of sensor networks. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a IPv6 address configuration method based on the topology modeling of the network topology. This method combines the typical application network architecture of the Internet of things with the terminal communication needs and the address types of IPv6. Based on the existing mature IPv6 address configuration, it gives the terminal network address configuration method of the corresponding network infrastructure and hybrid network architecture. This set of mechanisms fits the first compression mechanism of lightweight IPv6 packet communication, which reduces the storage resources and energy consumption of nodes in the address configuration process, and lays the foundation for the implementation of unified lightweight IP addressing in Internet of things. (3) in view of the context management problem in the first compression mechanism for IPv6 addressing process of IOT terminals, a method of address prefix adaptive configuration and dynamic distribution and synchronization of context tables is proposed. In order to solve the problem of context management in packet header compression mechanism, a context dynamic management mechanism based on 6LoWPAN_IPHC is proposed in this paper. The mechanism includes address prefix adaptive configuration method, context dynamic distribution and multi-source synchronization. Address prefix adaptive allocation mechanism eliminates the trouble of manual configuration, and is suitable for low-power lossy network operation. Meanwhile, gateway nodes can calculate the most frequently used hosts with address prefix based on network traffic, and prefix these hosts to the context table first, which improves the compression ratio of the whole network. The context dynamic distribution and multi-source synchronization method are designed in detail, and the update and synchronization mechanism of context message in the whole network node is designed. The mechanism is applied to the extended LoWPAN domain, which ensures the consistency of the context table in the extended domain. (4) aiming at addressing problem between heterogeneous networks, a design method of border gateway based on virtual network drive is proposed. A lightweight IPv6 addressing system of IOT is built, which realizes the interconnection and interconnection between perceptive network and Internet. In order to achieve the end to end addressing of wireless sensor nodes and Internet IPv6 hosts, this paper presents a lightweight IP addressing method for wireless sensor networks and the Internet, and proposes a design method of 6LoWPAN border gateway based on virtual network drive. Connected by a PC machine with 6Lo WPAN adapter, 6LoWPAN adapter layer function encapsulation on PC virtual network adapter driver, reduce the complexity of modify the PC kernel, while avoiding the gateway protocol conversion, to ensure the quality of communication between heterogeneous networks, realized the networking of lightweight IP addressing system. Combined with the above four main research contents, this paper explores and researches lightweight IP addressing mechanism from the perspective of model building, key technologies and system implementation. The proposed IPv6 based networking terminal encoding and addressing mechanism to ensure efficient and reliable access to resources on the basis, not only reduces the storage resources and energy resources consumption in the process of node address configuration, improves the compression ratio in the process of addressing the data packets in the same time to avoid the gateway protocol conversion, reduce the gateway implementation complexity. The implementation of IOT lightweight IP addressing system can seamlessly connect with internet addressing, and is of great significance for the construction of Internet of things, which aims to achieve interoperability.
【学位授予单位】：南京邮电大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP391.44

【参考文献】