埃博拉危机中的话语权生产机制

发布时间：2018-01-10 11:14

  本文关键词：埃博拉危机中的话语权生产机制　出处：《华东师范大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 危机传播 话语权 埃博拉

【摘要】：从古至今,公共卫生类危机频发,不仅威胁着公众健康,更成为影响国家政治和社会稳定的不安因素。作为一起近期发生的全球性突发公共卫生事件,埃博拉危机的蔓延过程充满着死亡和伤痛,国际社会团结起来与之斗争。论文立足国际化视野,拓展了现有危机传播研究的区域局限。将危机传播理论与话语权生产相结合,以埃博拉危机话语为研究对象,在分析四大主体话语特征的基础上,探讨国际话语权呈现。本文认为埃博拉危机是一场由政府或组织官方话语、媒体话语、公众话语共同参与的全球性危机。在全球化视域下,本研究通过对埃博拉危机话语的剖析,重点考察国际语境中各个主体内部话语以及主体间的话语生产与呈现。研究方法上,本研究对埃博拉危机进行个案分析的基础上,采用了内容分析和话语研究方法。论文采取分—总的结构,第2-5章节分别剖析了埃博拉危机中的四大主体话语,在主体话语内部从官方话语、媒体话语和公众话语的角度展开。研究分析了埃博拉危机中四大主体的危机话语。研究发现,其一,西非话语呈现边缘化和相对失语的情况,突出危机和呼吁支援成为主要的危机话语特点,西非国家的危机应对由外部力量主导。在世界卫生组织话语中几内亚是积极配合的,而塞拉利昂备受诟病。利比里亚表现出对美国的高度依赖,所获得的赞誉较多。与此同时,西非并且在西非内部出现了一定的话语抗争,表现为官方话语中对危机发生地的弱化,公众话语中从暴力抵抗到合作,媒体话语发挥宣传教育作用。其二,倡导合作和剖析病因的危机话语成为贡界卫生组织的特点,并对其他话语主体产生影响,表现在对埃博拉危机的命名和危机性质的判断上。世界卫生组织话语权地位的确立,主要通过向外部世界强调自身贡献、随疫情发展进行议程设置来实现。埃博拉简报和埃博拉专栏日记成为世界卫生组织的特色话语,从冲突到合作的议题变化为世卫组织提供重要的话语策略。当然,作为倡导治理型危机话语,它也存在着不少偏颇之处。其三,美国危机话语呈现出鼓励专业风险、关注个人表现的特点,个人主义色彩较为突出。美国官方话语中,宣传画呈现出落后贫穷西非与先进发达西方的对比,通过科普动员号召个人成为英雄成为主要诉求。媒体话语和公众话语更关注埃博拉对美国境内的威胁。媒体的传播内容、技术方式和传播渠道巩固了官方话语的表达意图,呈现出丰富内涵：新型专业性媒介Healthmap成功预警埃博拉危机；传统媒体熟练运用数据新闻报道；娱乐小报对个人故事的深度挖掘；头版图片营造出埃博拉的恐怖氛围。此外,文学作品中公众与专家话语之争,以及社交网络中议题变化和邻避效应的出现,都表现出一定程度上个人主义的推崇。其四,中国危机话语呈现出深情关切、尽力援助的特点。在中国的官方话语中,对埃博拉危机的认知带有浓厚的传统色彩：埃博拉被视为一种“疫情”。同时中国官方话语通过对内和对外两种框架,建构了自身负责任、平等、友好的大国形象。其中,对内框架包含否认为主的话语策略和模拟演习的话语行动；对外框架呈现为平等友好的援非话语实践。中国媒体话语深受官方话语影响,议题相对集中,同质化的内容较多。同时,中国媒体开始尝试数据新闻的报道方式。与官方话语和媒体话语不同,公众话语中出现了埃博拉的风险放大：一方面通过与历史上的SARS目比,公众更担心埃博拉；另一方面网络言论中出现了对埃博拉的“妖魔化”。其五,埃博拉危机中不同的国家和组织的话语存在差异化特点,这反映了国际社会中国家或组织对话语权的特点。国际社会中,主体、内容、渠道和对象共同构成的传播力对话语权生产机制产生重要影响。其中,议程设置成为为核心策略；框架提供基本内容；传播力整合为其提供保障。埃博拉危机中发达国家的传播力策略和技巧能够为我国提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:From ancient times, public health crisis, not only threatens the public health, as the country's political and social stability of the disturbing factors. As with the recent global public health emergencies, spread of the Ebola crisis is full of death and pain, the international community to unite and struggle. This paper is based on the international perspective, expand the research limitations of existing regional crisis communication. The crisis communication theory and discourse production combined with the Ebola crisis discourse as the research object, based on the analysis of the four main characteristics of the discourse, to explore the international discourse. This paper presents that the Ebola crisis is an organization by the government or official discourse, media discourse, global public crisis discourse participation. In the view of globalization, this research through analyzing the discourse of the Ebola crisis, focusing on the various international context The discourse production and presented the main internal discourse and intersubjectivity. The research methods, this study based on the case analysis of the Ebola crisis, by using the method of content analysis and discourse analysis. This paper take part whole structure, chapter 2-5 analyzes four main words in the Ebola crisis, in the main discourse from the official discourse, media discourse and public discourse perspective. Research and analysis of the crisis of the four main words in the Ebola crisis. The study found that the west, marginalization and relative discourse aphasia, highlighting the crisis and calls for support to become a major crisis discourse features, West African countries to deal with the crisis led by external forces in the words of Guinea is actively cooperate with the WHO, and Sierra Leone has been heavily criticized. Liberia showed a high degree of dependence on the United States, is obtained by the praise . at the same time, West Africa and in West Africa have emerged within certain discourse struggle, is the weakening of the crisis in the official discourse and public discourse from the violent resistance to cooperation, media discourse play the role of publicity and education. Second, the crisis and the analysis of the causes of discourse cooperation become a feature of tribute of the World Health Organization, and the influence of other discourse subject, in the name and nature of the crisis for Ebola crisis judgment. The establishment of WHO discourse status, mainly through to the outside world to emphasize their contribution, with the epidemic development agenda setting to achieve. Ebola briefing and Ebola become characteristic of the WHO diary column discourse, from conflict to issue change cooperation provides an important discourse strategy for the World Health Organization. Of course, as an advocate of governance crisis discourse, there also exist many deficiencies Third, the American crisis discourse showed encouraging professional risk, attention to individual performance characteristics, individualism is more prominent. The official discourse, posters showing a poor contrast in West Africa and advanced western science, through the mobilization call personal hero has become the main demands. The media discourse and public discourse is more concerned about the threat to Ebora in the United States. The dissemination of the contents of the media, technology and communication channels to consolidate the expression of official discourse intentions, showing a rich connotation: new media professional Ebora Healthmap success early warning crisis; the traditional media use data news report; mining tabloid on personal stories; create a front page picture of Ebora in an atmosphere of terror. The public, and experts in literary discourse of the dispute, and issues in social network changes and the effect of NIMBY is, Show the individualistic to a certain extent. Fourth, Chinese crisis discourse showed deep concern, characteristics of trying to help. The official discourse in the China in the Ebola crisis cognition with strong traditional color: Ebola is regarded as an "epidemic". At the same time, China's official discourse by both internal and external two kinds of framework, construct its own responsibility, equality, friendly image of country. Among them, the framework includes mainly the discourse strategy and deny the simulation exercise discourse action; foreign aid framework appears as a friendly non discourse practice. Chinese media discourse by the official discourse of issues is relatively concentrated, the homogenization of content more. At the same time, Chinese media began to try data news report. Unlike the official discourse and media discourse and public discourse in the emergence of Ebola risk amplification: on the one hand with the calendar The history of SARS, the public is more worried about the emergence of Ebola Ebola; "demonized" on the other hand the speech in the Internet. Fifth, different countries and organizations in the Ebola crisis there are differences in the characteristics of discourse, which reflects the characteristics of the international community Chinese family or organization of discourse right. In the international community. The main contents, have an important impact on the channel and the object together constitute the communication power of discourse power production mechanism. Among them, the agenda setting becomes the core strategy for providing basic framework; content; the dissemination of integration to provide protection. Communication skills and strategies in the Ebola crisis developed countries can provide a reference for our country.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G206
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本文编号：1405046