贵金属纳米材料在生物传感器中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 22:15

本文关键词： 纳米材料贵金属生物传感器电化学　出处：《北京科技大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会的发展,人们对环境监测、食品安全、疾病预防和诊断,以及军事防御等方面的要求不断提高,生物传感器面临着更高的要求和挑战。贵金属纳米材料因具有独特的物理化学性质,在提高生物传感器的灵敏度、稳定性方面发挥了重要的作用,传感器从结构到检测机理都取得了翻天覆地的提高。近年来,基于贵金属纳米材料的生物传感器得到了广泛地研究。本文致力于高灵敏度生物传感器的开发研究,从传感器界面结构与灵敏度的关系出发,构建了以下几个基于贵金属纳米材料的高灵敏生物传感器：1.分形金电极的制备及其在凝血酶检测中的应用通过电沉积方法在导电玻璃表面制备了分形枝状金纳米结构电极。电极界面具有非常精细的枝状结构,厚度约10～15μm,侧枝有80～90nm。以凝血酶核酸适体探针修饰电极,二茂铁甲醇为电活性分子探针,制备的传感器对凝血酶检测,检测限达到5.7 fM,线性范围10-15-10-10M,并且具有非常好的选择性,在分析检测中具有潜在的应用前景。2.基于限域电沉积的方法制备贵金属分形枝状纳米结构及其在SERS传感器中的应用通过电极表面制备的微井阵列开发了一种简单、可控、重复性好、普适性的制备贵金属金、银和铂枝状纳米结构的方法。该方法不需要添加其他分子,仅通过调节微井尺寸和沉积时间就可以调控纳米结构从颗粒向枝状结构的转变。制备的银枝状纳米结构作为基底材料检测R6G分子,展现出了非常灵敏的SERS信号。限域电沉积的制备方法在催化、传感、电子方面都有潜在的应用价值。3.铂纳米线3D网状自交联结构薄膜电极的制备及在过氧化氢和葡萄糖电化学生物传感器中的应用制备了3D网状自交联铂纳米线薄膜电极(PtNNE)并成功应用于开发高灵敏度的过氧化氢和葡萄糖电化学生物传感器。PtNNE具有极大的电活性表面积、高催化性能的高指数晶面和稳定的自交联网状结构。检测过氧化氢的灵敏度达到了1360 μA·mM-1·cm-2。PtNNE成功地应用于基于氧化酶的电化学生物传感器中,对葡萄糖的检测限为1.5 gM,获得了非常高的灵敏度(114μA·mM-1·cm-2)和优异的线性范围(5μM～30mM)。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, people's demands on environmental monitoring, food safety, disease prevention and diagnosis, and military defense are increasing. Because of its unique physical and chemical properties, noble metal nanomaterials play an important role in improving the sensitivity and stability of biosensors. In recent years, biosensors based on noble metal nanomaterials have been extensively studied. Based on the relationship between sensor interface structure and sensitivity, The following high sensitive biosensors based on noble metal nanomaterials: 1. Preparation of fractal gold electrode and its application in the detection of thrombin the fractal dendritic gold nanocrystals were prepared on the surface of conductive glass by electrodeposition. Structural electrode. The electrode interface has a very fine dendritic structure, The thickness of the sensor is about 10 ~ 15 渭 m, and the lateral branch is 80 ~ 90 nm. The electrode modified by the aptamer probe of thrombin nucleic acid and ferrocene methanol as the electroactive molecular probe, the detection limit of thrombin is 5.7 fm, the linear range is 10-15 ~ 10 ~ (-10) m, and the sensor has very good selectivity. The fractal dendritic nanostructures of noble metals and their applications in SERS sensors have been developed a simple and controllable microwell array fabricated on the surface of the electrode. A method for preparing gold, silver and platinum dendritic nanostructures with good reproducibility and universality. The method does not require the addition of other molecules, The change of nanostructures from particle to dendritic structure can be controlled only by adjusting the size of microwell and deposition time. The silver dendritic nanostructures are used as substrate materials to detect R6G molecules. Shows a very sensitive SERS signal. The preparation method of limiter electrodeposition is catalytic, sensing, The preparation of platinum nanowire 3D reticulated self-crosslinking thin film electrode and its application in hydrogen peroxide and glucose electrochemical biosensors the 3D self-crosslinking platinum nanowire thin films were prepared. PtNNE) has been successfully used in the development of highly sensitive electrochemical biosensors of hydrogen peroxide and glucose. PtNNE has a large electrically active surface area. High index crystal face with high catalytic performance and stable self-crosslinking network structure. The sensitivity of hydrogen peroxide detection is 1 360 渭 A 路mM-1 路cm-2.PtNNE successfully used in the electrochemical biosensor based on oxidase. The detection limit for glucose was 1.5gM.The very high sensitivity of 114渭 A 路mM-1 路cm-2) and the excellent linear range of 5 渭 M ~ (-1) ~ (30) m ~ (-1) were obtained.
【学位授予单位】：北京科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TB383.1;TP212

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