基于中波红外的双波段目标辐射特性测量技术研究
本文选题:红外辐射特性测量 切入点:辐射定标 出处:《中国科学院研究生院(长春光学精密机械与物理研究所)》2016年博士论文
【摘要】:随着红外探测技术的快速发展,目标红外辐射特性数据受到了越来越广泛的重视。目标红外辐射特性可以为目标红外探测、识别和跟踪提供基础数据;为红外系统仿真提供目标和背景生成的物理特征,有利于数学模型的准确建立;为目标红外隐身效果提供评价依据。目前,越来越多的高精度地基红外成像系统广泛应用于军事目标的辐射特性测量。传统的目标红外辐射特性测量是单波段测量,即利用红外成像系统获取目标在一个波段的辐射图像,通过辐射特性反演算法实现目标表观红外辐射测量,测量结果中包含目标发射率和环境反射辐射,仅能反映目标的辐亮度温度,存在理论局限性。本文深入研究了辐射定标和目标单波段辐射特性测量原理,针对单波段辐射特性测量原理的局限性,采用双波段测量技术实现军事目标辐射特性测量。对传统的双波段辐射特性测量方法进行改进,提出适用于军用目标辐射特性测量的中波红外双波段测量方法,并在详细分析影响双波辐射特性段测量误差来源的基础上提出了多个提高双波段辐射特性测量精度的方法。本论文主要完成了以下六个方面的工作:(1)深入研究了目标红外辐射特性测量技术和红外成像系统非均匀性校正方法,建立了红外成像系统辐射定标和测量模型,提出基于积分时间的辐射定标模型,为目标辐射特性双波段测量提供可靠的基础理论。(2)深入研究了双波段辐射特性测量的基础理论,针对传统双波段测量方法的缺点并结合中波红外成像系统的特点,建立了双波段辐射特性测量模型,针对远距离、中低温目标,推导了基于红外测量系统辐射定标的双波段定标比值和测量比值公式,提出了考虑大气和环境辐射的双波段辐射特性测量方法。(3)根据本文建立的双波段测量模型,详细分析辐射定标误差、测量波段选取、图像随机噪声、大气和目标发射率不确定性等因素对双波段测量精度的影响,并进行了仿真实验验证,为提高双波段辐射特性测量精度提供理论支撑(4)为了提高双波段定标和测量的效率,提出基于辐射定标简化模型的双波段辐射特性测量方法;详细分析了环境温度对红外成像系统辐射定标的影响,提出不依赖环境温度的双波段辐射特性测量方法,避免定标和测量过程之间环境温度不一致对目标辐射特性双波段测量的影响,提高双波段辐射特性测量方法的环境适应性。(5)针对红外测量图像的特点,提出基于K-均值聚类和CIE-94颜色差异公式的伪彩色显示方法,提高红外测量图像的显示效果。(6)设计了基于中波红外成像系统和带通滤光片的双波段辐射特性测量实验系统;为了避免双波段辐射特性测量实验中使用黑体为被测目标不具有普遍性的问题,设计了灰体目标模拟装置;进行了实验室和高低温箱内的灰体目标双波段辐射特性测量实验,验证本文提出算法的有效性。本文对双波段辐射特性测量技术进行了深入研究,搭建了中波红外双波段辐射特性测量系统,进行了大量辐射定标和目标辐射特性测量实验。实验结果表明,本文的双波段辐射特性测量方法实现了中低温目标真实温度测量,温度测量精度优于4℃,辐射特性测量精度优于10%,基于辐射定标简化方法的双波段测量方法实现了对双波段定标和测量过程的简化,不依赖环境温度的双波段测量方法实现了定标和测量过程之间环境温度不一致情况下的目标辐射特性测量。本文的研究成果对进一步开展目标辐射特性测量研究和双波段辐射特性测量系统设计具有重要的理论意义和参考价值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of infrared detection technology, infrared radiation characteristics of target data has attracted more and more attention. The infrared radiation characteristics of target infrared detection for target recognition and tracking to provide basic data; provide the physical features of the object and background generated for the infrared simulation system, is conducive to accurately establish the mathematical model to provide a basis for evaluation target; the infrared camouflage effect. At present, the radiation characteristics of high measurement precision of ground infrared imaging system is widely applied to the military target. The measurement of infrared radiation characteristics of target is the traditional single band measurement, namely the use of infrared imaging system to obtain the target in the radiation image of a band, the inversion algorithm to achieve the goal of the apparent radiation characteristics of infrared radiation the measurement, the measurement results including the emissivity and environment reflected radiation, the radiance temperature can reflect the target, has theoretical limitations . this paper studies the radiometric calibration and target single band radiation characteristics measurement principle, aiming at the limitation of single band radiation characteristics measurement principle, measure the radiation characteristics of military targets using dual band measurement technology. The traditional dual band radiation characteristics measurement method makes the improvement, proposed a mid wave infrared measurement method military target radiation characteristic measurement, and in the basis of detailed analysis of the impact of double wave radiation characteristics measurement error sources on the proposed method of dual band radiation characteristics measurement accuracy more improved. This thesis consists of the following six aspects: (1) study the infrared radiation characteristics of target measurement and infrared imaging technology the system of non uniformity correction method, established the infrared imaging system calibration and measurement model, proposed radiation integral time calibration model based on target radiation characteristics Provide reliable basic theory of dual band measurement. (2) the basic theory research of the dual band radiation characteristic measurement, the traditional dual band method's shortcomings and combined with the characteristics of medium wave infrared imaging system, a dual band radiation measurement model according to the characteristics, long distance, low temperature, dual band infrared measurement system radiation calibration and measurement based on ratio ratio formula is deduced, a method of measuring the emission characteristics of dual band radiation atmosphere and the environment. (3) according to the dual band measurement model is established in this paper, a detailed analysis of the radiometric calibration error measurement, band selection, image noise, and atmospheric emissivity uncertainty the factors influencing the measurement accuracy of the dual band, and do the simulation experiments, in order to improve and provide theoretical support for dual band radiation characteristics measurement accuracy (4) in order to improve the calibration and measurement of dual band The amount of the efficiency, proposed methods of measuring characteristics of dual band radiation radiation calibration based on the simplified model; the influence of environmental temperature on the infrared imaging system calibration is analyzed in detail. The dual band does not depend on the ambient temperature radiation measurement method of characteristics, avoid the influence between the calibration and measurement process of environmental temperature is not consistent to the target radiation characteristics of double band measurement, dual band radiation characteristics measurement method to improve the adaptability to the environment. (5) according to the characteristics of infrared images, the pseudo color K- clustering and CIE-94 color difference formula display method based on improving display effect of infrared measurement image. (6) the design of the mid infrared imaging system based on bandpass filter dual band radiation measurement system characteristics; in order to avoid the dual band radiation characteristic measurement using blackbody target to be measured is not universal problem, design Grey body target simulator; the grey target laboratory and low temperature in dual band radiation measurement characteristics, verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Based on the dual band radiation characteristics measurement technology is studied and built a mid wave infrared radiation characteristic measurement system, a lot of radiometric measurement of radiation the characteristics of subject and target. The experimental results show that the dual band radiation measurement method is implemented in the true temperature measurement of temperature, temperature measurement accuracy is less than 4 DEG C, the radiation characteristics of the measuring precision is better than 10%, dual band measurement method of radiometric calibration of the simplified method is realized based on the simplify calibration and measurement process of the double band. Dual band measurement method does not depend on the ambient temperature to achieve the calibration and measurement of environmental temperature inconsistent radiation measurement under the condition of this paper. The research results have important theoretical significance and reference value for further research on the measurement of target radiation characteristics and the design of the dual band radiation characteristic measurement system.
【学位授予单位】:中国科学院研究生院(长春光学精密机械与物理研究所)
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2016
【分类号】:TP391.41
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