基于跨层设计的煤矿井下无线传感器网络路由协议研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 08:08

本文选题：无线传感器网　切入点：跨层设计　出处：《中国矿业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：矿山安全监测对保障矿山安全和生产起着重要作用,其复杂环境下难以保证各类数据信息高效稳定的传输,需要改进信息网络分布的合理性和适应环境变化,保障网络稳定、可靠、高效的传输性能。无线传感器网络作为智慧矿的一个重要技术平台,在网络底层实现目标的监测与控制,有效地解决无线传输最后一公里的应用目标。其价格低廉,易于部署,快速组网的特点使其更加适合井下复杂环境的应用。本文针对煤矿井下环境特征及无线传感器网络在井下应用需求,结合无线传感器网络的自组织性特点,运用跨层设计技术对井下网络组网和路由技术进行研究,使其更加适应井下环境变化对网络的影响和用户应用需求,提高网络系统数据传输的效率。主要研究工作包括:1)针对井下巷道窄长的空间结构和复杂的环境特征,从数据传输不对称性方面分析无线多跳网络数据传输时出现的“能量空洞”问题,提出一种能耗均衡跨层WSN路由协议(EBUCR)。通过建模计算部署于巷道内的簇首有效生成密度,运用跨层设计将下一跳路由节点的链路可用带宽和节点负载容量作为选取路由节点的重要因素。从网络上层骨干节点的拓扑结构和路由节点选择两个方面来均衡数据传输。仿真实验表明,EBUCR协议实现了簇首节点的非均匀分布,均衡网络不同区域内的能量消耗,提高了网络吞吐量和传输率,更适应于井下巷道内大规模部署的传感器节点数据传输。2)针对采煤工作面严重的无线信道衰落特征,提出一种适应信道衰落的分簇协议(PEAFC-CL)。首先,动态调整节点随机生成数的窗口,保证每轮簇首数目最优;其次,通过探测帧获取节点与基站间的信道效率,联合节点剩余能量信息,作为簇首选则的判断依据,设计一种自适应信道衰落的分簇协议。最后,通过衰落储备法调节节点不同时期的发送功率。仿真结果表明,PEAFC-CL协议中网络拓扑比较稳定,在信号衰落环境下适应性强,有效的延长了网络生命期,降低了网络丢包率。3)为了满足井下多种业务类型的数据传输需求,适应复杂环境对网络的影响,提出基于直觉模糊集的多QoS属性约束下的多径路由决策协议(FMQMRP)。运用跨层技术在多径路由基础上保障最低限度满足QoS需求,发现维护多条传输路径。通过直觉模糊集理论将多个参数在多路径中的优劣进行模糊集规范化,建立多参数多径路由决策矩阵。利用信息熵理论客观计算各个参数权重,利用TOPSIS法决策多路径的优劣。结果表明,FMQMRP协议有效地解决多参数约束下多路径寻优问题,计算复杂度低,网络控制开销不高,更加适应于网络拥挤环境下QoS保障的多业务需求。
[Abstract]:Mine safety monitoring plays an important role in ensuring mine safety and production. It is difficult to ensure the efficient and stable transmission of all kinds of data and information in its complex environment. It is necessary to improve the rationality of information network distribution and adapt to environmental changes to ensure network stability. Reliable and efficient transmission performance. Wireless sensor network, as an important technology platform of wisdom mine, realizes the monitoring and control of the target at the bottom of the network, effectively solves the application target of the last kilometer of wireless transmission. The characteristics of easy deployment and fast networking make it more suitable for the application of complex underground environment. This paper aims at the characteristics of underground coal mine environment and the requirements of wireless sensor network in underground application, and combines the self-organization characteristics of wireless sensor network. The cross-layer design technology is used to study the underground network networking and routing technology to make it more suitable for the influence of the underground environment change on the network and the application needs of the users. To improve the efficiency of data transmission in the network system. The main research work includes: (1) aiming at the narrow spatial structure and complex environmental characteristics of underground roadway, In this paper, the problem of "energy hole" in wireless multi-hop network data transmission is analyzed from the aspect of data transmission asymmetry, and a cross-layer WSN routing protocol with balanced energy consumption is proposed. The effective generation density of cluster head deployed in roadway is calculated by modeling. Using cross-layer design, the link available bandwidth and node load capacity of the next hop routing node are considered as the important factors to select the routing node. It is balanced from the topology structure of the backbone node in the upper layer of the network and the selection of the routing node. Data transmission. The simulation results show that the UCR protocol realizes the non-uniform distribution of the cluster head nodes. Balancing energy consumption in different areas of the network, improving network throughput and transmission rate, more suitable for large-scale deployment of underground roadway sensor node data transmission. 2) aiming at the serious wireless channel fading characteristics of coal mining face. A clustering protocol for channel fading is proposed. Firstly, dynamically adjusting the window of the random number of nodes to ensure the optimal number of cluster heads per round. Secondly, the channel efficiency between the node and the base station is obtained by detecting frames. Based on the residual energy information of nodes, a clustering protocol for adaptive channel fading is designed as the basis of cluster preference. Finally, The simulation results show that the network topology of PEAFC-CL protocol is stable, and it has strong adaptability in signal fading environment, which effectively prolongs the network lifetime. In order to meet the data transmission requirements of various types of business underground and adapt to the influence of complex environment on the network, the packet loss rate of the network is reduced. This paper proposes a multipath routing decision protocol based on intuitionistic fuzzy set (QoS) attribute constraint for multipath routing. Using cross-layer technology to ensure that the multipath routing can meet the requirements of QoS at least based on multi-path routing. By using intuitionistic fuzzy set theory, the advantages and disadvantages of multiple parameters in the multipath are normalized, and the multi-parameter multipath routing decision matrix is established. The weight of each parameter is calculated objectively by using the information entropy theory. The TOPSIS method is used to determine the advantages and disadvantages of multipath. The results show that FFM QMRP protocol can effectively solve the multi-path optimization problem under multi-parameter constraints, with low computational complexity and low network control overhead, which is more suitable for the multi-service requirements guaranteed by QoS in congested network environment.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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