量子密钥分配中后处理技术及诱骗态技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 15:21

本文选题：量子密钥分配 + 后处理　；参考：《中国科学技术大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：在密码学领域,密码编码人员和密码分析人员之间的战争已经持续了数千年。生活在量子世界终将到来的时代,我们不能再将保密信息的使命交给那些依赖于计算复杂度的密码算法。毫无疑问,量子密钥分配是能够对抗量子计算机强大计算能力的最佳候选技术。基于量子力学的基本原理,并结合一次一密的加密方法,量子密钥分配提供了一种无条件安全的保密通信方式。量子密码学中的一个重要原则就是永远不要低估敌人(窃听者)先进的设备和高超的智商,也就是说,在不违背量子力学的前提下,敌人几乎可以实现任何事情。理论上,即使面对如此强大的敌人,量子密钥分配的安全性也可以得到保证。但是实际上,理想的量子密钥分配协议的实现装置是不尽完美的,这使得敌人可以对量子密钥分配系统的实现装置展开各种各样的攻击。针对这种情况,目前主要有两种解决方法,一种是仔细分析实际装置的不完美性并给出相应的策略,另一种是设计不依赖于实现装置的量子密钥分配协议(设备无关量子密钥分配协议)。由于实现设备无关量子密钥分配协议时要面临强大的技术挑战,能够抵御测量端所有攻击的测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议成为学者们研究的焦点。但是测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议也存在其他方面的问题,因此对其改进版本的研究也吸引了不少学者的关注。本文总结了本人在实际的量子密钥分配技术方面取得的一些研究成果,主要包括以下四个方面：1.提出了一种高速的长度自适应的保密放大方案,通过构造出一种优化的长度自适应的乘法算法,并将该算法应用于保密放大的过程中,实现了高速的长度自适应的保密放大技术。该技术能够在有效降低有限长效应影响的同时胜任高速的量子密钥分配系统中保密放大的任务。2.提出了一种延迟错误校验的方案,利用量子密钥分配系统中保密放大的主流方法是使用Toeplitz矩阵来实现的特点,通过执行具有略大压缩因子的保密放大,可以用该过程产生的额外密钥实现错误校验；并利用错误校验本质上与可信认证等价的性质,将错误校验过程与对Toeplitz矩阵的可信认证过程同时进行,实现延迟错误校验的方案。该方案不仅简化了后处理的流程,而且也减少了常规错误校验过程泄露的信息量。3.利用诱骗态技术研究了基于CHSH不等式的测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议,该协议仅仅要求编码设备和测量设备是独立的,并且量子态是在二维Hilbert空间中制备的即可。模拟仿真结果表明该协议在现有的技术条件下是实用的。4.利用诱骗态技术研究了基于不匹配基信息的使用qubit光源的测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议,该协议通过利用不匹配基矢的数据信息使得采用qubit光源的测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议在安全性上得到保障。模拟仿真结果表明该协议在目前的技术条件下是很有应用前景的。
[Abstract]:In cryptography, the war between ciphers and cryptanalysts has lasted for thousands of years. In a time when the quantum world is coming, we can no longer give the mission of confidential information to cryptographic algorithms that rely on computational complexity. It is no doubt that the distribution of the quantum key can be powerful against the power of the quantum computer. Based on the basic principles of quantum mechanics and based on the basic principles of quantum mechanics and combined with one time secret encryption method, quantum key distribution provides an unconditional secure communication mode. One of the important principles of quantum cryptography is never to underestimate the enemy's advanced equipment and superior IQ, that is, On the premise of not violating quantum mechanics, the enemy can do almost anything. In theory, the security of quantum key distribution can be guaranteed even in the face of such a powerful enemy. But in fact, the ideal quantum key distribution protocol is not perfect, which allows the enemy to allocate the quantum key. There are two main solutions to this situation. One is to carefully analyze the imperfections of the actual devices and to give the corresponding strategies. The other is to design the quantum key distribution protocol (device independent quantum key distribution protocol) that does not depend on the implementation device. The independent quantum key allocation protocol is faced with a strong technical challenge. The measurement device independent quantum key distribution protocol (QKD) which can resist all the attacks of the measuring terminal has become the focus of the scholars' research. However, the measurement device independent quantum key distribution protocol also exists in other aspects, so the research on its improved version is also attracted. Many scholars have paid attention to it. This paper summarizes some research achievements in the actual quantum key distribution technology, including the following four aspects: 1. a high speed length adaptive security amplification scheme is proposed, and an optimized length self-adaptive multiplication algorithm is constructed, and the algorithm is applied to the algorithm. In the process of secrecy enlargement, a high speed length adaptive security amplification technology is implemented. This technique can effectively reduce the influence of the finite length effect and be competent for the task of secrecy and amplification in the high speed quantum key distribution system..2. proposes a scheme of delay error checking, which makes use of the secret magnification in the quantum key distribution system. The mainstream method is to use the Toeplitz matrix to achieve the characteristics. By executing the secret magnification with a slightly larger compression factor, the error verification can be realized with the additional key produced by the process. And the error check process is combined with the trusted authentication process of the Toeplitz matrix by using the nature of the error check essentially equivalent to the trusted authentication. The scheme not only simplifies the process of post-processing, but also reduces the amount of information leaked in the conventional error checking process,.3. uses the decoy state technology to study the device independent quantum key distribution protocol based on the CHSH inequality, which only requires that the encoding device and the measuring device are independent. And the quantum state is prepared in the two-dimensional Hilbert space. The simulation results show that under the existing technical conditions, the protocol is a practical.4. using decoy state technology to study the unrelated quantum key distribution agreement of measuring equipment using qubit light source based on mismatched base information. The protocol uses the number of mismatched base vectors. According to the information, the unrelated quantum key distribution protocol which uses the qubit light source is guaranteed in the security. The simulation results show that the protocol is very promising under the present technical conditions.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：O413;TN918.4

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