X射线导航通信一体化技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 00:12

本文选题：X射线导航通信一体化 + X射线通信　；参考：《西安电子科技大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：随着空间探测的持续发展和深入,深空探测任务正从以前的短期、粗略探测转向以长时间、高分辨率、自主性强、多平台合作为特点的探测,这无疑对未来深空导航和通信提出了更高的要求。在资源稀缺的深空环境下,为应对深空探测对导航和通信持续增长的需求,导航通信一体化成为一种趋势。X射线脉冲星导航(X-ray Pulsar-based NAVigation, XPNAV)和X射线通信(X-ray Communication, XCOM)是新兴的深空导航和通信方法,两种技术均显示了巨大的发展潜力。XCOM和XPNAV在信号、探测设备及功能等多个方面存在着相似性和紧密联系,为两种技术的融合提供了可能,即X射线导航通信一体化。X射线导航通信一体化以XCOM和XPNAV为基础,通过两种技术及其相关衍生技术的融合、互补和增强,在资源和技术稀缺的深空条件下为深空探测提供高性能的导航和通信服务。X射线导航通信一体化是导航通信一体化的重要组成部分和发展方向,它为应对快速增长的深空导航和通信需求提供了一种潜在的解决方案。本文以X射线导航通信一体化的关键技术为出发点,围绕XCOM和XPNAV的相关衍生技术及技术间的功能联系和互补展开研究和论述,主要内容包括：1.距离是深空导航的基本要素之一,精确的距离信息能够作为辅助观测量用于提高XPNAV的性能。为此,提出了基于XCOM的X射线圆偏振测距方法。所提方法以XCOM的原理为基础,采用圆偏振调制方法对X射线信号进行调制,利用圆偏振状态传输测距信息实现深空远距离测距。论文首先利用Strokes矢量表示圆偏振状态对测距信号进行建模,并基于建立的信号模型对所提X射线距方法的信号处理流程进行了详细分析。在此基础上,理论和仿真分析了多普勒效应、信号差分检测误差及信号相关误差等因素对所提测距方法性能的影响,仿真实验结果表明所提方法能够获得高精度的距离测量结果。2.深空探测任务远离地球,且其所处空间环境复杂多变,导致深空链路的可用性较低。为在链路可用性有限的条件下提高其利用效率,提出了基于XCOM的X射线通信测距一体化方法。所提方法以XCOM的通信功能为基础,结合X射线测距技术,在同一链路中同时实现基于X射线的远距离通信和测距功能。该方法不仅提高了链路效率,更重要的是其体现的技术融合的思想为X射线导航通信一体化的实现提供了参考。论文设计了X射线通信测距一体化方法的信号结构,并详细分析了其信号处理流程。此外,还提出了评估X射线通信测距一体化性能的相关参数,包括数据传输速率、通信误码率、测距误差及抖动等,并进行了理论和仿真分析。仿真实验结果验证了所提方法的可行性,另外,仿真结果还表明,所提方法的性能,如信号捕获性能、误码率、测距抖动等,主要受一体化信号的信噪比影响。3. XPNAV是利用脉冲星辐射的周期性脉冲信号实现自主导航的新型天文导航方法,是X射线导航通信一体化的重要组成部分。目前,受多种因素影响,XPNAV的定位精度难以进一步提高,限制了其后续的发展和应用。为此,提出了利用XCOM辅助增强XPNAV的方法,该方法利用XCOM的衍生技术——X射线测距提供的高精度距离测量信息作为XPNAV的辅助观测量,结合XPNAV的脉冲星计时观测,实现对航天器位置和速度的估计。论文构造了脉冲星计时观测和X射线测距的观测模型,结合航天器轨道动力学模型,利用Kalman滤波实现对航天器状态的估计。在此基础上,利用仿真实验对脉冲星观测时间、测距信号信噪比及航天器运动轨道等多种因素对所提增强算法性能的影响进行了分析。仿真实验结果表明,相比于传统的XPNAV方法,基于XCOM的XPNAV增强算法能够有效提高XPNAV的定位精度。4.时间是深空探测中的基础性参数,是深空导航和通信的生命线。为了为X射线导航通信一体化提供精确的时间服务,提出了利用脉冲星计时观测实现深空自主守时的方法,该方法的原理来源于XPNAV,通过对脉冲星辐射信号的计时观测修正时钟误差,实现自主守时。论文首先采用有色噪声模型对脉冲星计时观测的计时噪声进行建模,构造了计时观测模型。基于计时观测模型和时钟演化模型,采用Kalman滤波方法估计时钟状态。最后,利用仿真实验分析了所提守时方法的性能及脉冲星观测时间、脉冲星观测目标的选择等因素对所提守时方法的影响。仿真实验结果验证了所提守时方法的有效性,表明所提方法能有效修正时钟误差,实现深空条件下的自主守时。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development and deepening of space exploration, the deep space detection task is shifting from the previous short-term, rough detection to the long time, high resolution, strong autonomy, multi platform cooperation as the characteristics of the detection. This is undoubtedly a higher requirement for the future deep space navigation and communication. Navigation and communication continues to grow in demand, navigation and communication integration becomes a trend.X ray pulsar navigation (X-ray Pulsar-based NAVigation, XPNAV) and X ray communication (X-ray Communication, XCOM) is a new deep space navigation and communication method. The two technologies all show great potential for development of.XCOM and XPNAV in signal, detection equipment The integration of the two technologies is possible. The integration of X ray navigation and communication integrated.X ray navigation communication is based on XCOM and XPNAV, and through the fusion of two technologies and related derivative technologies, complementation and enhancement, and deep space under the scarcity of resources and technology. The integration of.X ray navigation and communication with high performance navigation and communication service is an important part and development direction of the integration of navigation and communication. It provides a potential solution to the rapid growth of deep space navigation and communication needs. This paper is based on the key technology of integrated X ray navigation and communication. The function connection and complementarity between XCOM and XPNAV are studied and discussed. The main contents include: 1. distance is one of the basic elements of deep space navigation. Accurate distance information can be used as auxiliary observation to improve the performance of XPNAV. Therefore, a circular polarization distance measurement method based on X ray based on XCOM is proposed. Method based on the principle of XCOM, a circular polarization modulation method is used to modulate the X ray signal and transmit distance information in a circular polarization state to realize deep space distance distance measurement. Firstly, the paper uses the Strokes vector to represent the circular polarization state to model the range signal, and based on the built signal model, the signal of the proposed X ray distance method is used. The processing flow is analyzed in detail. On this basis, the effects of Doppler effect, signal difference detection error and signal correlation error on the performance of the proposed range finding method are analyzed theoretically and simulated. The simulation results show that the proposed method can obtain high precision distance measurement results from the.2. deep space detection task far away from the earth, and it also shows that the proposed method is far away from the earth. The space environment is complex and changeable, which leads to the low availability of the deep space link. In order to improve its utilization efficiency under the limited link availability, a method of integrating X ray communication based on XCOM is proposed. The proposed method, based on the communication function of XCOM, combines with the X ray distance measurement technology, and realizes the X ray in the same link simultaneously. This method not only improves the link efficiency, but also provides a reference for the integration of X ray navigation and communication. The paper designs the signal structure of the integration method of X ray communication distance measurement, and analyses the signal processing flow in detail. In addition, the paper also proposes the process of signal processing. The relevant parameters of the integrated performance of X ray communication ranging are evaluated, including data transmission rate, communication error rate, ranging error and jitter, and the theoretical and simulation analysis are carried out. The simulation results verify the feasibility of the proposed method. In addition, the simulation results show that the performance of the proposed method, such as signal acquisition performance, bit error rate and distance measurement, is also shown. Jitter and so on, mainly influenced by the signal to noise ratio of the integrated signal,.3. XPNAV is a new method of autonomous navigation using the periodic pulse signal from the pulsar radiation. It is an important part of the integration of X ray navigation communication. At present, the positioning accuracy of XPNAV is difficult to be further improved by many factors, and the follow-up is limited. For this reason, a method of using XCOM to assist in enhancing XPNAV is proposed. The method uses the derivative technology of XCOM, the high precision distance measurement information provided by the X ray distance measurement as the auxiliary observation of XPNAV, and the estimation of the position and speed of the spacecraft with the timing observation of the pulsar of XPNAV. The observation model of time observation and X ray distance measurement, combined with the orbit dynamics model of the spacecraft, uses the Kalman filter to estimate the state of the spacecraft. On this basis, the effects of many factors such as the pulsars observation time, the signal to noise ratio of the ranging signal and the motion orbit of the spacecraft on the performance of the enhanced algorithm are divided on this basis. The simulation results show that, compared with the traditional XPNAV method, the XPNAV enhancement algorithm based on XCOM can effectively improve the positioning accuracy of XPNAV,.4. time is the basic parameter in deep space detection, and it is the lifeline of deep space navigation and communication. In order to provide accurate time service for the integration of X ray navigation communication, the use of pulsars is proposed. The method of time observation to realize the autonomous punctuality of deep space is realized. The principle of this method comes from XPNAV. By correcting the clock error by the time observation of the pulsar radiation signal, the time observation of the time observation of pulsars is modeled by the colored noise model, and the time observation model is constructed. The model and clock evolution model are used to estimate the clock state by Kalman filtering method. Finally, the simulation experiment is used to analyze the performance of the punctual method and the time of pulsar observation and the influence of the selection of the pulsar observation target on the proposed punctuality method. The simulation results verify the validity of the proposed method and show the proposed side. This method can effectively correct clock error and achieve autonomous time keeping under deep space conditions.

【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN927

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