基于人工电磁材料的宽角扫描相控阵天线研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 04:07

本文选题：宽角扫描 + 相控阵　；参考：《电子科技大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：为了迎合相控阵雷达在搜索、探测、识别以及跟踪等方面日益增长的需求,具有宽角扫描性能的平面型相控阵天线的研究日趋活跃。本文以扩展平面微带结构相控阵天线的波束扫描范围为研究课题,创新性地提出了将高阻抗表面形式的人工电磁表面作为微带天线的地板,研究并提出了新型双端射天线单元、低剖面宽波束天线单元,并最终实现了波束扫描范围达±88°的平面宽角扫描相控阵,极大扩展了传统平面相控阵的波束扫描范围。此外,文中针对采用周期性亚波长单元构成的高阻抗表面所具有的极化敏感性问题,提出了两种表面波波导的拓扑结构,它们能够在宽频带内实现TM和TE模式相速度相同这一独特性能。本论文的主要研究内容概括如下:第一章介绍了相控阵天线的发展背景,简要阐述了宽角扫描相控阵的研究背景及意义,系统地回顾了宽角扫描相控阵天线的国内外发展历程及研究现状。第二章探索高阻抗表面作为天线地板时所具有的独特电磁特性。设计了一款新颖的基于高阻抗表面的具有双向端射性能的低剖面天线,证实了采用周期性人工电磁材料作为天线地板可以将耦合至地板上的电磁波转化成沿着地板结构传播的表面波,从而削弱传统天线金属地板的镜面反射作用,实现与常规的水平放置于高阻抗表面上方的线天线所呈现的边射方向图截然不同的辐射特性。第三章简要介绍了可重构天线技术,提出了利用高阻抗表面实现微带Yagi-Uda型寄生阵列的低仰角辐射这一概念。基于此概念,设计了基于人工电磁材料的方向图可重构宽波束天线单元。该天线具有左右可切换的、波束偏向端射方向的宽波束方向图。分析了高阻抗表面上表面波传播特性,并对高阻抗表面的工作机理进行了理论阐述。第四章创新性地提出了结合高阻抗表面和方向图可重构技术来扩展平面相控阵的波束扫描范围这一思想。首先,设计出一款基于高阻抗表面的方向图可重构天线单元;其次,将该天线单元应用于相控阵的设计中,通过采用等幅、递进相位馈电,该相控阵实现了宽达±88°的主波束扫描,突破了平面相控阵波束扫描范围窄这一难题。此外,文中对包含互耦效应的相控阵方向图模拟方法进行了回顾。第五章研究了高阻抗表面在平面型宽角扫描相控阵上的应用。提出了基于高阻抗表面的印制板线天线单元及其阵列,该天线辐射结构为简单的线天线,从而突出了人工电磁材料在宽角扫描相控阵中的重要作用。阵列实现了扫描角宽达±85°的波束扫描范围,并具有旁瓣电平低、整个扫描区间内增益波动维持在3dB以内的优点。此外,提出并建立了基于高阻抗表面的宽波束天线的辐射机理模型图,为基于高阻抗表面的天线单元的宽波束辐射特性以及阵列的宽角扫描特性提供了理论依据。第六章针对目前作为表面波波导的人工电磁材料所具有的极化敏感性问题,研究和提出了两种表面波波导的拓扑结构,它们具有以相同相速度支持TM和TE模式表面波传播的独特性能。文中以方环-网格形单元结构以及改进型蝴蝶结形式的单元结构作为代表,分析了这两种拓扑结构的表面波波导所具有的极化不敏感性特性。根据这两种拓扑结构可以具体构造出不同单元形式的极化不敏感的表面波波导。具有该性能的人工电磁结构可以应用于二维宽波束天线单元中以促进E面和H面的端射方向辐射,从而促进二维宽角扫描相控阵的实现。第七章归纳和总结了本论文的主要工作,展望了下一步的研究工作。
[Abstract]:In order to cater to the increasing demand of phased array radar in search, detection, recognition and tracking, the research of planar phased array antenna with wide angle scanning performance is becoming more and more active. In this paper, the beam scanning range of the phased array antenna with planar microstrip structure is extended as the research topic, and the high impedance surface form is innovatively proposed. The artificial electromagnetic surface is used as the floor of microstrip antenna. A new type of dual end antenna element, low profile wide beam antenna unit, and a planar wide-angle scanning phased array with a beam scanning range of + 88 degrees is finally realized, and the beam scanning range of the traditional planar phased array is greatly expanded. In addition, the periodic subwave is used in this paper. The problem of polarization sensitivity on the high impedance surface composed of long units is proposed. Two kinds of surface wave guided topological structures are proposed. They can achieve the same unique performance of the TM and TE modes in the broadband band. The main contents of this paper are summarized as follows: the first chapter introduces the development background of phased array antenna, and briefly describes the development of the phased array antenna. The research background and significance of wide-angle scanning phased array are reviewed. The development and research status of wide angle phased array antennas at home and abroad are reviewed systematically. In the second chapter, the unique electromagnetic characteristics of high impedance surface as an antenna floor are explored. A novel low profile based on high impedance surface with two-way end ejection performance is designed. The surface antenna proves that the periodic artificial electromagnetic material can be used as an antenna floor to convert the electromagnetic waves coupled to the floor into the surface wave propagating along the floor structure, thereby weakening the mirror reflection of the traditional antenna metal floor, and realizing the side fire of the line antenna, which is placed above the high impedance surface with the normal level. In the third chapter, the third chapter briefly introduces the reconfigurable antenna technology, and proposes the concept of low elevation radiation of a microstrip parasitic array using a high impedance surface. Based on this concept, a directional reconfigurable wide beam antenna unit based on an artificial electromagnetic material is designed. The antenna has the right and left tangent. The wide beam direction of the beam is biased toward the end shooting direction. The propagation characteristics of the surface wave on the high impedance surface are analyzed, and the working mechanism of the high impedance surface is expounded. The fourth chapter puts forward the idea of extending the beam scanning range of the flat face phased array with the combination of high impedance surface and direction graphic reconfiguration technology. First, a directional reconfigurable antenna element based on a high impedance surface is designed. Secondly, the antenna element is applied to the design of phased array. By using the equal amplitude and phase feed, the phased array realizes the main beam scanning of up to 88 degrees, which breaks through the narrow range of the beam scanning in the planar phased array. In addition, the package is used in the paper. The simulation method of phased array pattern with mutual coupling effect is reviewed. In the fifth chapter, the application of high impedance surface to planar wide angle scanning phased array is studied. A printed board line antenna unit and its array based on high impedance surface are proposed. The radiation structure of the antenna is simple line sky line, which highlights the wide angle of artificial electromagnetic materials. The important role of scanning phased array is that the array realizes the beam scanning range of a scanning angle of + 85 degrees, and has the advantage of low sidelobe level and the gain fluctuation within 3dB within the entire scanning interval. Furthermore, a model map of the radiant mechanism of a wide beam antenna based on a high impedance surface is proposed and established, which is based on a high impedance surface. A theoretical basis is provided for the wide beam radiation characteristics of the linear element and the wide angle scanning characteristics of the array. In the sixth chapter, two topologies of the surface wave conductance are studied and proposed for the polarization sensitivity of the artificial electromagnetic materials which are currently guided by the surface wave wave. They have the same phase velocity to support the TM and TE mode surface waves. In this paper, the polarization insensitivity characteristics of the surface wave conductance of the two topological structures are analyzed with the square ring element structure and the unit structure of the improved bow form. The polarization insensitive surface waves of the two topological structures can be concretely constructed. Waveguide. The artificial electromagnetic structure with this performance can be applied to the two-dimensional wide beam antenna unit to promote the end radiation of the E surface and the H surface, thus promoting the realization of the two-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased array. The seventh chapter summarizes and summarizes the main work of this paper, and looks forward to the next step of the research work.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN821.8

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