工业无线传感器网络集中式资源调度研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 15:37

【摘要】：无线传感器网络的低成本、易部署、智能化等特征,使之成为工业测控领域的重要技术。工业无线传感器网络(Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks, IWSNs)采用集中控制思想,由控制器负责网络通信资源调度,以提高网络的可控可管性,满足工业应用需求。本文针对资源集中控制的IWSNs,研究了工业网络中控制与转发分离的资源调度模式,以及网络层和数据链路层的资源调度算法。本文的主要成果和创新点如下：提出了IWSNs集中式资源调度协议。本文研究了IWSNs中控制平面的逻辑控制功能、数据平面的数据转发过程、协议栈的跨层调度、网络资源抽象及调度策略。基于时分多址接入,本文采用空闲信道评估机制区分控制通道和数据通道,实现时隙级的控制与转发分离,并设计了IWSNs集中式资源跨层调度协议。实验分析了IWSNs端到端传输时延和数据包传输成功率等性能优势,并与传统无线传感器网络进行了对比。提出了基于资源感知的路由图生成算法。工业标准定义IWSNs网络层采用图路由协议。本文针对广播、上行、下行三种通信模式,设计了相应的路由图生成算法。路由图生成算法通过对网络资源的感知,考虑多个度量标准和不同路由容错机制计算路径度量,基于路径度量结果和服务质量需求,控制器进行路径选择并生成路由图。本文仿真分析了链路丢包率对基于资源感知的路由图生成算法性能的影响,验证了该算法在数据包接收率和网络开销上的性能优势。提出了基于时隙重用的多路径传输资源调度算法。多路径传输导致通信所需的资源增加。为了提高通信资源的利用率,本文采用时隙重用的优化调度策略,基于网络层的路径选择,分配无冲突的节点共享通信资源。基于该调度优化策略,本文通过路径树的建立、遍历和优化进行时隙调度,提出了基于时隙重用的多路径传输资源调度算法。仿真证明,该算法在不影响数据包接收率性能的同时,减少了通信所需的时隙资源。提出了基于多约束条件的时延优化资源调度算法。IWSNs标准支持跳频技术,控制器需要进行时隙频率的双重调度。本文通过公式化描述时隙频率的双重调度问题,理论分析频率数目不限和受限两种情况下完成数据包传输的最小时隙数目,以网络层路径选择和链路层无冲突调度作为多约束条件,分别设计了两种情况下基于数据包调度的时延优化资源调度算法。该算法较基于网络节点调度的启发式调度算法具有更好的灵活性和可扩展性。仿真对比理论最小值,分析了时延优化调度算法和启发式调度算法的性能。
[Abstract]:The low cost, easy deployment and intelligent characteristics of wireless sensor network make it an important technology in the field of industrial measurement and control. The industrial wireless sensor network (Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks, IWSNs) adopts the centralized control idea and the controller is responsible for the network communication resource scheduling to improve the controllability of the network and to meet the needs of industrial applications. In this paper, the resource scheduling mode, which is separated from control and forwarding in industrial network, and the resource scheduling algorithm of network layer and data link layer are studied for IWSNs, with centralized resource control. The main achievements and innovations of this paper are as follows: IWSNs centralized resource scheduling protocol is proposed. This paper studies the logical control function of the control plane in IWSNs, the data forwarding process in the data plane, the cross-layer scheduling of the protocol stack, the abstraction of network resources and the scheduling strategy. Based on time-division multiple access (TDMA), this paper uses the idle channel evaluation mechanism to distinguish control channel from data channel, realizes the separation of control and forwarding at slot level, and designs a centralized IWSNs resource cross-layer scheduling protocol. The performance advantages of IWSNs end-to-end transmission delay and packet transmission success rate are analyzed experimentally and compared with traditional wireless sensor networks. A resource aware routing graph generation algorithm is proposed. Industry standard defines that IWSNs network layer adopts graph routing protocol. In this paper, the corresponding routing graph generation algorithm is designed for three communication modes: broadcast, uplink and downlink. Routing graph generation algorithm computes path metrics by perceiving network resources and considering multiple metrics and different routing fault-tolerant mechanisms. Based on path measurement results and QoS requirements, the controller selects paths and generates routing diagrams. In this paper, the effect of link packet loss rate on the performance of resource-aware routing graph generation algorithm is simulated and analyzed, and the performance advantages of the algorithm in packet reception rate and network overhead are verified. A multipath transmission resource scheduling algorithm based on slot reuse is proposed. Multipath transmission results in increased resource requirements for communications. In order to improve the utilization of communication resources, the optimal scheduling strategy of slot reuse is adopted in this paper, and the path selection based on network layer is used to allocate non-conflicting nodes to share communication resources. Based on the scheduling optimization strategy, this paper proposes a multipath transmission resource scheduling algorithm based on slot reuse by establishing, traversing and optimizing the path tree. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm does not affect the performance of packet reception rate and reduces the time slot resources required for communication. A time-delay optimal resource scheduling algorithm based on multi-constraints. IWSNs standard supports frequency-hopping technology. The controller needs dual scheduling of time-slot frequency. In this paper, we analyze the minimum number of time slots for packet transmission in the case of unlimited frequency and limited frequency by formulating the dual scheduling problem of slot frequency. Based on network layer path selection and link layer conflict free scheduling as multiple constraints, the delay optimization resource scheduling algorithms based on packet scheduling are designed respectively. This algorithm is more flexible and extensible than the heuristic scheduling algorithm based on network node scheduling. The performance of the delay optimal scheduling algorithm and the heuristic scheduling algorithm are analyzed by comparing the theoretical minimum.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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