新型高效率传输阵列天线研究

发布时间：2018-10-25 06:36

【摘要】：现代雷达、无线通信和电子对抗等领域的飞速发展和电子设备的不断升级对天线提出了越来越高的要求。传输阵列天线由于具有结构剖面低、重量轻、馈电简单、波束易于赋形和控制、易于加工、成本低廉等特点,逐渐受到人们的关注且已成为天线领域的重要研究方向。本文主要围传输阵列天线以及传输单元的电磁传输特性进行研究,采用阵列理论推导了传输阵列天线辐射场的解析表达式,并利用微波网络理论对单层以及多层传输单元的传输特性进行理论计算和分析,以高效率传输阵列天线和太赫兹传输阵列天线为设计目标展开研究,主要工作和创新点主要包括以下几个方面:1.基于微波网络理论对单层以及多层传输单元在不同介电常数和层间距情况下的传输特性进行理论计算,通过分析单元传输相位与传输幅度的关系曲线,得出以下结论:在垂直入射情况下,传输单元在一定传输幅度内的移相范围只与单元的层数、介电常数以及层间距有关。通过对不同形状的单层和多层传输单元进行仿真计算,将仿真计算结果与理论分析结果进行对比,从而证实了以上结论。2.提出了一种低损耗、角度稳定性较高的双圆环缝隙单元,利用该单元设计并加工了一个工作在Ku波段的传输阵列天线,其实测辐射效率和口径效率明显高于其他形式的传输阵列天线,是一种高效率的传输阵列天线。由于该天线本体采用金属制成,能够耐受宇宙空间环境中极其恶劣的温度条件,十分适合应用于星载航天领域。3.提出了一种根据馈源辐射场实际相位的相位补偿方法,这种方法能够最大程度地减小因馈源相位中心的不确定性所导致的传输阵列表面补偿相位的设计误差。4.利用UV-LIGA(光刻、电铸及塑铸)工艺和深反应离子刻蚀(Deep Reactive Ion Etching,DRIE)技术,提出了一种太赫兹传输阵列天线的制备工艺流程,设计并加工了一个工作在340GHz的太赫兹传输阵列天线,该天线的实测增益高、波束窄、副瓣电平低、波束圆对称性好,满足太赫兹技术领域的应用需求。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern radar, wireless communication and electronic countermeasures, and the continuous upgrading of electronic equipment, the antenna is required more and more. Because of its low structure profile, light weight, simple feed, easy beamforming and control, easy processing and low cost, transmission array antenna has been paid more and more attention and has become an important research direction in antenna field. In this paper, the electromagnetic transmission characteristics of the transmission array antenna and transmission unit are studied, and the analytical expression of the radiation field of the transmission array antenna is derived by using the array theory. The transmission characteristics of monolayer and multilayer transmission units are calculated and analyzed by microwave network theory. The high efficiency transmission array antenna and terahertz transmission array antenna are studied. Main work and innovation mainly include the following aspects: 1. Based on microwave network theory, the transmission characteristics of single-layer and multi-layer transmission units under different dielectric constants and interlayer spacing are calculated theoretically, and the relationship between transmission phase and transmission amplitude is analyzed. The following conclusions are drawn: in the case of vertical incidence, the phase shift range of the transmission unit within a certain transmission amplitude is only related to the number of layers, dielectric constant and layer spacing of the unit. The simulation results of single-layer and multi-layer transmission units with different shapes are compared with the theoretical analysis results, and the above conclusions are confirmed. 2. A dual-ring slot element with low loss and high angular stability is proposed. A transmission array antenna working in Ku band is designed and fabricated. In fact, the radiation efficiency and aperture efficiency are obviously higher than other transmission array antenna, it is a kind of high efficiency transmission array antenna. Because the antenna body is made of metal, it can withstand the extremely bad temperature conditions in the space environment, so it is very suitable for the spaceborne space field. A phase compensation method based on the actual phase of the feed radiation field is proposed. This method can minimize the design error of the compensation phase of the transmission array surface caused by the uncertainty of the feed phase center. 4. Using UV-LIGA (photolithography, electroforming and plastic casting) technology and deep reactive ion etching (Deep Reactive Ion Etching,DRIE) technology, a terahertz transmission array antenna is proposed. A terahertz transmission array antenna working in 340GHz is designed and fabricated. The measured gain of the antenna is high, the beam is narrow, the sidelobe level is low, and the beam circle symmetry is good, which meets the application needs of terahertz technology.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院国家空间科学中心
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN820.15

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