拼接镜共相检测技术研究
发布时间:2018-11-09 07:46
【摘要】:望远镜分辨率与大气湍流、望远镜口径和观测光波长等因素有关。若忽略大气湍流等因素的影响,且观测光波长一定时,为了探测到更加遥远、更加暗弱的天体,望远镜的口径需不断增大。目前,拼接镜为下一代天文望远镜的重要发展趋势之一;但是使用拼接镜技术也会带来一系列问题。其中,各子镜间的平移误差(piston)的检测问题为难点之一,只有当拼接镜共相时,才能达到与其口径相当的单镜面主镜系统的角分辨率。本论文针对拼接镜共相检测与调整进行了详细的分析和研究,提出了利用夏克哈特曼宽带法与双波长检测法相结合的共相检测方法,并进行了验证,取得了良好的实验效果。论文的主要研究内容包括:首先,根据傅里叶光学从理论上分析了拼接误差对拼接镜成像质量的影响,获得了拼接误差与斯特尔比的关系式,并通过MATLAB软件进行了仿真验证。然后,针对拼接镜平移误差(piston)检测问题,提出了利用夏克哈特曼宽带检测与双波长检测相结合的共相检测方法。通过圆孔衍射理论对夏克哈特曼宽带法与双波长检测法进行了理论分析。在对夏克哈特曼宽带法理论分析中,获得了波长选取带宽与检测量程之间的关系;在对双波长检测法理论分析中,获得了波长选取与检测量程的关系式,并对夏克哈特曼宽带法与双波长检测法进行了MATLAB仿真验证。同时,分析了偏心误差、间隙误差、探测器噪声等对拼接镜共相检测的影响。最后,搭建了一套室内拼接镜的主动共焦共相检测实验光路系统。针对拼接镜共焦的检测问题,提出了一种基于干涉条纹密度和对比度对较大的离焦量和倾斜误差进行手动调节,对较小的离焦量和倾斜误差采用主动光学技术与夏克哈特曼波前传感器(S-H)自动调节的方法。同时,设计了一套拼接镜的主动支撑结构,通过软件仿真验证了该支撑结构的可行性,并通过所搭建的拼接镜共焦检测系统,验证了所提出的共焦检测方法的可行性和拼接镜支撑结构的合理性。本文利用主动共相技术调节拼接镜的piston误差,并利用条纹追踪法计算共相检测精度。
[Abstract]:Telescope resolution is related to atmospheric turbulence, telescope aperture and observed light wave length. If the influence of atmospheric turbulence and other factors are ignored and the wavelength of the observed light is fixed the aperture of the telescope needs to be enlarged continuously in order to detect the more distant and weaker celestial bodies. At present, splicing mirror is one of the important trends of the next generation astronomical telescope, but the use of splicing mirror technology will bring a series of problems. One of the difficulties is the detection of the translation error (piston) between the sub-mirrors. Only when the splicing mirror is in phase, can the angular resolution of the single-mirror primary mirror system with the same aperture be achieved. In this paper, the common phase detection and adjustment of splicing mirror is analyzed and studied in detail, and a new method is proposed, which combines Shakhartmann wideband method and dual wavelength detection method, and has been verified, and good experimental results have been obtained. The main research contents are as follows: firstly, according to Fourier optics, the influence of splicing error on the image quality of splicing mirror is analyzed theoretically, and the relation between splicing error and Str ratio is obtained, and the simulation results are verified by MATLAB software. Then, aiming at the problem of translation error (piston) detection of splicing mirror, a new method of co-phase detection is proposed, which combines Shackhartmann wideband detection and dual-wavelength detection. Based on the circular hole diffraction theory, the Schackhartmann wideband method and the dual wavelength detection method are theoretically analyzed. In the theoretical analysis of Shackhartmann broadband method, the relationship between wavelength selection bandwidth and detection range is obtained. In the theoretical analysis of dual-wavelength detection method, the relationship between wavelength selection and detection range is obtained, and the MATLAB simulation of Shakhartmann wideband method and dual-wavelength detection method is carried out. At the same time, the effects of eccentricity error, gap error and detector noise on the cophase detection of splicing mirror are analyzed. Finally, an experimental optical circuit system for active confocal phase detection of indoor splicing mirrors is built. Aiming at the problem of confocal detection of splicing mirror, a manual adjustment of larger defocus and tilting error based on interference fringe density and contrast is proposed. For the smaller defocus and tilting error, the active optics technique and the shakehartmann wavefront sensor (S-H) are used to adjust automatically. At the same time, a set of active support structure of splicing mirror is designed, and the feasibility of the support structure is verified by software simulation, and the confocal detection system of splicing mirror is built. The feasibility of the proposed confocal detection method and the rationality of the splicing mirror supporting structure are verified. In this paper, the active co-phase technique is used to adjust the piston error of the splicing mirror, and the accuracy of the common phase detection is calculated by using the fringe tracing method.
【学位授予单位】:中国科学院光电技术研究所
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:TP391.41
本文编号:2319791
[Abstract]:Telescope resolution is related to atmospheric turbulence, telescope aperture and observed light wave length. If the influence of atmospheric turbulence and other factors are ignored and the wavelength of the observed light is fixed the aperture of the telescope needs to be enlarged continuously in order to detect the more distant and weaker celestial bodies. At present, splicing mirror is one of the important trends of the next generation astronomical telescope, but the use of splicing mirror technology will bring a series of problems. One of the difficulties is the detection of the translation error (piston) between the sub-mirrors. Only when the splicing mirror is in phase, can the angular resolution of the single-mirror primary mirror system with the same aperture be achieved. In this paper, the common phase detection and adjustment of splicing mirror is analyzed and studied in detail, and a new method is proposed, which combines Shakhartmann wideband method and dual wavelength detection method, and has been verified, and good experimental results have been obtained. The main research contents are as follows: firstly, according to Fourier optics, the influence of splicing error on the image quality of splicing mirror is analyzed theoretically, and the relation between splicing error and Str ratio is obtained, and the simulation results are verified by MATLAB software. Then, aiming at the problem of translation error (piston) detection of splicing mirror, a new method of co-phase detection is proposed, which combines Shackhartmann wideband detection and dual-wavelength detection. Based on the circular hole diffraction theory, the Schackhartmann wideband method and the dual wavelength detection method are theoretically analyzed. In the theoretical analysis of Shackhartmann broadband method, the relationship between wavelength selection bandwidth and detection range is obtained. In the theoretical analysis of dual-wavelength detection method, the relationship between wavelength selection and detection range is obtained, and the MATLAB simulation of Shakhartmann wideband method and dual-wavelength detection method is carried out. At the same time, the effects of eccentricity error, gap error and detector noise on the cophase detection of splicing mirror are analyzed. Finally, an experimental optical circuit system for active confocal phase detection of indoor splicing mirrors is built. Aiming at the problem of confocal detection of splicing mirror, a manual adjustment of larger defocus and tilting error based on interference fringe density and contrast is proposed. For the smaller defocus and tilting error, the active optics technique and the shakehartmann wavefront sensor (S-H) are used to adjust automatically. At the same time, a set of active support structure of splicing mirror is designed, and the feasibility of the support structure is verified by software simulation, and the confocal detection system of splicing mirror is built. The feasibility of the proposed confocal detection method and the rationality of the splicing mirror supporting structure are verified. In this paper, the active co-phase technique is used to adjust the piston error of the splicing mirror, and the accuracy of the common phase detection is calculated by using the fringe tracing method.
【学位授予单位】:中国科学院光电技术研究所
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:TP391.41
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