基于CICQ结构的交换机关键技术及其实现研究
发布时间：2019-06-29 18:32
【摘要】：随着网络应用与数据流量的不断增长,对高性能交换设备的需求日益增加。为了实现高性能,交换设备通常采用基于虚拟输出队列(Virtual Output Queue,VOQ)的crossbar交换结构,在输入端设置VOQ缓存队列,既能使存储器满足带宽需求,又能够缓解队头阻塞问题,保持较高的交换效率。然而,VOQ结构需要一类集中式调度算法来完成调度,交换机规模和端口数据速率的增加使得这类调度算法受到了实际限制。另一方面,输入-交叉点联合排队(CICQ)交换结构比VOQ结构更具优势,具有解决VOQ结构的调度复杂性和可扩展性问题的潜力。CICQ交换结构利用crossbar内部交叉点缓存将输入和输出端口从逻辑上分离开,从本质上实现了简单的分布式调度,同时极大地缓解了传统VOQ结构的输入和输出冲突问题,提供更好的交换性能。基于CICQ结构的高性能交换机需要良好的调度算法,即具备几个基本特性:高吞吐率、低延迟、队列服务公平性、调度快速和易于硬件实现。本文主要围绕课题“面向航电应用的光纤通道(Fibre Channal)交换机设计”展开研究。根据航空电子系统对通信网络的高实时性、公平性能的要求,以CICQ交换结构为研究对象,重点从提高交换结构的时延性能、公平性方面进行关键技术的深入研究,并完成基于CICQ结构的4端口FC交换机的设计实现,为后续的FC交换机芯片设计提供技术基础。为了验证FC交换机的功能和性能,提出了一种能够精确模拟真实网络流量的高效流量生成方案,并设计了软硬件协同实现的交换机性能验证平台,通过验证平台对FC交换机进行了验证测试。论文的主要工作和创新点包括:(1)在CICQ结构的调度算法研究中,针对现有算法无法同时满足时延性能和公平性的问题,提出了两种高性能的调度算法—MCQF_RR(The Most Critical Queue First-Round Robin)和IMCQF_RR(Improved Most Critical Queue First-Round Robin),并研究其在定长交换下的交换性能。仿真实验表明,在均匀和非均匀流量下,新算法都能够保持良好的时延性能和稳定性,与典型的LQF_RR(Longest Queue First and Round-robin)算法相当。通过公平性统计分析,MCQF_RR和IMCQF_RR采用最关键队列优先服务的策略,使得输入队列在不同情况下能够保持高效服务,与LQF_RR相比公平性显著提高。(2)在变长数据包切分机制研究中,针对现有切分机制灵活性差和交换效率低等问题,提出了一种高效自适应的数据包切分机制(Adaptive Multipacket segments,AMS)。通过实验分析表明,CICQ结构采用AMS切分机制,在不同的流量模型下能够保证良好的时延性能,且明显优于已有方法中表现最好的变长多包切分机制(Variable-size Multipacket segments,VMS)。(3)在CICQ结构调度算法研究的基础上,面向航空电子系统应用设计了基于光纤通道协议的CICQ交换机体系结构,主要实现光纤通道协议中FC-0、FC-1、FC-2P层和数据包转发功能。对于变长FC帧交换,由于实现简单的优点,选择采用定长单包切分机制完成变长帧切分。针对现有定长单包切分实现技术切分延时较大、存储管理复杂的不足,在帧切分模块中采用了一种新的预切分方法实现定长单包切分过程,达到切分时延低、数据管理简单的目标,从而有利于提高交换结构的整体性能。(4)在测试流量生成方案的研究中,首先分析了交换设备性能评估时常用的流量模型,并选择合适的流量模式作为交换机测试中的测试激励。分析现有流量产生方案的优缺点,提出一种基于汇聚过程的流量生成模型,并根据此模型设计了流量生成器的架构。利用处理器的配置灵活性和FPGA硬件的高性能,流量生成器能够生成实时的泊松过程和自相似过程流量,而且能达到高数据速率,具有速度可扩展性。流量的统计特性结果表明,基于汇聚过程的流量生成器所产生的流量时间序列能够很好地模拟理想的流量模型。(5)设计并建立了软硬件协同实现的交换机性能验证平台,对平台的软件部分和硬件部分分别进行描述。将基于汇聚过程的高效流量生成器应用于FC交换机的验证测试过程中,产生近似真实网络流量行为特征的测试流量。基于交换机性能验证平台对4端口FC交换机原型进行验证测试,并分析了测试结果。
[Abstract]:With the increasing of network application and data flow, the demand for high-performance switching equipment is increasing. In order to realize the high performance, the switching equipment usually adopts the cross bar switching structure based on the virtual output queue (VOQ), and the VOQ cache queue is arranged at the input end, so that the memory can meet the bandwidth requirement, and the problem of the blocking of the queue head can be relieved, and the switching efficiency is maintained. However, the VOQ structure requires a class of centralized scheduling algorithms to complete the scheduling, and the increase in the switch size and the port data rate makes such a scheduling algorithm subject to practical limitations. On the other hand, the input-cross-point joint queuing (CICQ) switching structure is more advantageous than the VOQ structure, and has the potential to solve the problem of the scheduling complexity and the scalability of the VOQ structure. The CICQ switching structure utilizes the crossbar internal cross-point buffer to separate the input and output ports from the logic, and realizes the simple distributed scheduling from the essence, and at the same time greatly relieves the input and output conflict problems of the traditional VOQ structure and provides better switching performance. The high-performance switch based on the CICQ structure needs a good scheduling algorithm, that is, it has several basic characteristics: high throughput, low delay, fairness of queue service, rapid scheduling and easy hardware implementation. This paper focuses on the research of the "Design of Fibre Channel Switch for Avionics" of the subject. according to the requirement of high real-time and fair performance of the avionics system to the communication network, the CICQ switching structure is used as the research object, and the key technology is researched deeply from the aspects of improving the time delay performance and the fairness of the switching structure, And the design and implementation of the 4-port FC switch based on the CICQ structure are completed, and a technical basis is provided for subsequent FC switch chip design. In order to verify the function and performance of the FC switch, a high-efficiency flow generation scheme capable of accurately simulating real network traffic is proposed, and a switch performance verification platform implemented in cooperation with hardware and software is designed, and the verification test is carried out on the FC switch by the verification platform. The main work and the innovation point of the paper are as follows: (1) In the research of the scheduling algorithm of the CICQ structure, the two high-performance scheduling algorithms (The Mst Critical Queue First-Round Robin) and the IMCQF _ RR (Improvised Mst Critical Queue First-Round Robin) are proposed in the research of the scheduling algorithm of the CICQ structure. And the exchange performance under fixed-length exchange is studied. The simulation experiments show that the new algorithm can maintain good time-delay performance and stability under the uniform and non-uniform flow, and is equivalent to the typical LQF _ RR (Longest Queue First and Round-robin) algorithm. Through the fair statistical analysis, the MCQF _ RR and the IMCQF _ RR adopt the strategy of the most critical queue priority service, so that the input queue can maintain the high-efficiency service in different situations, and the fairness is obviously improved compared with the LQF _ RR. (2) In the study of variable-length packet segmentation mechanism, a high-efficiency adaptive packet segmentation mechanism (AMS) is proposed for the problems of low flexibility and low exchange efficiency of the existing segmentation mechanism. The experimental analysis shows that the CICQ structure can guarantee good time-delay performance under different flow models, and it is superior to the variable-size multi-packet segmentation (VMS) which is the best in the existing method. (3) On the basis of the research of the CICQ structure scheduling algorithm, the architecture of the CICQ switch based on the fiber channel protocol is designed for the application of the avionics system, and the FC-0, FC-1, FC-2P layer and packet forwarding function in the fiber channel protocol are mainly realized. For variable-length FC frame switching, a fixed-length single-packet segmentation mechanism is selected to complete the variable-length frame segmentation because of the simple realization. aiming at the defect that the prior fixed-length single-packet segmentation is large in delay and complex in storage management, a new pre-splitting method is adopted in the frame segmentation module to realize the fixed-length single-packet segmentation process, so that the aim of low splitting time delay and simple data management is achieved, So as to improve the overall performance of the switching structure. (4) In the research of the test flow generation scheme, firstly, the flow model used in the performance evaluation of the switching equipment is analyzed, and the appropriate flow pattern is selected as the test excitation in the switch test. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing flow generation scheme are analyzed, a flow generation model based on the convergence process is proposed, and the structure of the flow generator is designed according to the model. With the configuration flexibility of the processor and the high performance of the FPGA hardware, the flow generator can generate real-time Poisson process and self-similar process flow, and can achieve high data rate and speed and expandability. The statistical characteristic of the flow shows that the flow time series generated by the flow generator based on the convergence process can well simulate the ideal flow model. And (5) designing and establishing a switch performance verification platform implemented in cooperation with hardware and software, and respectively describing the software part and the hardware part of the platform. And the high-efficiency flow generator based on the convergence process is applied to the verification testing process of the FC switch, and the test flow of the characteristic of the real network flow behavior is generated. Based on the switch performance verification platform, the prototype of the 4-port FC switch is tested and the test results are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN915.05
本文编号：2508021
[Abstract]:With the increasing of network application and data flow, the demand for high-performance switching equipment is increasing. In order to realize the high performance, the switching equipment usually adopts the cross bar switching structure based on the virtual output queue (VOQ), and the VOQ cache queue is arranged at the input end, so that the memory can meet the bandwidth requirement, and the problem of the blocking of the queue head can be relieved, and the switching efficiency is maintained. However, the VOQ structure requires a class of centralized scheduling algorithms to complete the scheduling, and the increase in the switch size and the port data rate makes such a scheduling algorithm subject to practical limitations. On the other hand, the input-cross-point joint queuing (CICQ) switching structure is more advantageous than the VOQ structure, and has the potential to solve the problem of the scheduling complexity and the scalability of the VOQ structure. The CICQ switching structure utilizes the crossbar internal cross-point buffer to separate the input and output ports from the logic, and realizes the simple distributed scheduling from the essence, and at the same time greatly relieves the input and output conflict problems of the traditional VOQ structure and provides better switching performance. The high-performance switch based on the CICQ structure needs a good scheduling algorithm, that is, it has several basic characteristics: high throughput, low delay, fairness of queue service, rapid scheduling and easy hardware implementation. This paper focuses on the research of the "Design of Fibre Channel Switch for Avionics" of the subject. according to the requirement of high real-time and fair performance of the avionics system to the communication network, the CICQ switching structure is used as the research object, and the key technology is researched deeply from the aspects of improving the time delay performance and the fairness of the switching structure, And the design and implementation of the 4-port FC switch based on the CICQ structure are completed, and a technical basis is provided for subsequent FC switch chip design. In order to verify the function and performance of the FC switch, a high-efficiency flow generation scheme capable of accurately simulating real network traffic is proposed, and a switch performance verification platform implemented in cooperation with hardware and software is designed, and the verification test is carried out on the FC switch by the verification platform. The main work and the innovation point of the paper are as follows: (1) In the research of the scheduling algorithm of the CICQ structure, the two high-performance scheduling algorithms (The Mst Critical Queue First-Round Robin) and the IMCQF _ RR (Improvised Mst Critical Queue First-Round Robin) are proposed in the research of the scheduling algorithm of the CICQ structure. And the exchange performance under fixed-length exchange is studied. The simulation experiments show that the new algorithm can maintain good time-delay performance and stability under the uniform and non-uniform flow, and is equivalent to the typical LQF _ RR (Longest Queue First and Round-robin) algorithm. Through the fair statistical analysis, the MCQF _ RR and the IMCQF _ RR adopt the strategy of the most critical queue priority service, so that the input queue can maintain the high-efficiency service in different situations, and the fairness is obviously improved compared with the LQF _ RR. (2) In the study of variable-length packet segmentation mechanism, a high-efficiency adaptive packet segmentation mechanism (AMS) is proposed for the problems of low flexibility and low exchange efficiency of the existing segmentation mechanism. The experimental analysis shows that the CICQ structure can guarantee good time-delay performance under different flow models, and it is superior to the variable-size multi-packet segmentation (VMS) which is the best in the existing method. (3) On the basis of the research of the CICQ structure scheduling algorithm, the architecture of the CICQ switch based on the fiber channel protocol is designed for the application of the avionics system, and the FC-0, FC-1, FC-2P layer and packet forwarding function in the fiber channel protocol are mainly realized. For variable-length FC frame switching, a fixed-length single-packet segmentation mechanism is selected to complete the variable-length frame segmentation because of the simple realization. aiming at the defect that the prior fixed-length single-packet segmentation is large in delay and complex in storage management, a new pre-splitting method is adopted in the frame segmentation module to realize the fixed-length single-packet segmentation process, so that the aim of low splitting time delay and simple data management is achieved, So as to improve the overall performance of the switching structure. (4) In the research of the test flow generation scheme, firstly, the flow model used in the performance evaluation of the switching equipment is analyzed, and the appropriate flow pattern is selected as the test excitation in the switch test. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing flow generation scheme are analyzed, a flow generation model based on the convergence process is proposed, and the structure of the flow generator is designed according to the model. With the configuration flexibility of the processor and the high performance of the FPGA hardware, the flow generator can generate real-time Poisson process and self-similar process flow, and can achieve high data rate and speed and expandability. The statistical characteristic of the flow shows that the flow time series generated by the flow generator based on the convergence process can well simulate the ideal flow model. And (5) designing and establishing a switch performance verification platform implemented in cooperation with hardware and software, and respectively describing the software part and the hardware part of the platform. And the high-efficiency flow generator based on the convergence process is applied to the verification testing process of the FC switch, and the test flow of the characteristic of the real network flow behavior is generated. Based on the switch performance verification platform, the prototype of the 4-port FC switch is tested and the test results are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN915.05
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