马克思主义“人学”视域下思想政治教育社会化问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 07:29

本文选题：社会化 + 人的本质　；参考：《西安科技大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：在中国特色社会主义现代化建设的发展历程中，思想政治教育做出了卓越的贡献，取得了辉煌的成绩。然而，在取得这些成就与业绩的同时，也暴露出不少问题。其中一个最突出的问题是，思想政治教育发展出现了僵化和孤立化的倾向，僵化和孤立化的倾向又直接导致思想政治教育效果不佳以及与实际相脱节的现象。产生这种倾向的根本原因在于：思想政治教育在自身发展中，片面地突出了工具性价值，而相对地忽视了对其本身内在目的的追求，即对于培养自由而全面发展的人的追求。表现为思想政治教育既不能灵活地适应外在社会的发展，又不能联系思想政治教育中主体的现实状况。这些问题的解决就提出了深化思想政治教育社会化研究的问题。由此可见，对思想政治教育社会化的理论研究具有时代性和迫切性。如果不能在理论上对思想政治教育社会化进行研究，只能导致思想政治教育社会化的思路只能流于形式，，不能有效地指导我们的思想政治教育实践。思想政治教育作为人的社会化的一种方式，是一种双向的社会化过程。它一方面体现为个体或实践活动与现实社会要求相适应的过程，另一方面体现为诸多主体共同改造和促进社会发展的过程。在思想政治教育社会化中，存在着两条互逆的逻辑路线，一条是由外及内的社会化路线，在这个方向上，思想政治教育实践活动就是以外部的社会发展变化作为导向，通过思想政治教育主体自身的不断改变与外部社会相协调的过程，这一个被动适应社会发展的过程。一条是由内及外的社会化路线，即通过参与思想政治教育的各个个体相互交流和沟通，形成一种共同经验，并通过思想政治教育活动影响和改造整个社会，这是一条积极主动的社会化。本文试图以这条由内及外的社会化路线为主线，对思想政治教育社会化问题展开研究，以求打破思想政治教育僵化和孤立化的倾向，使思想政治教育真正能够成为对人们的思想意识产生重大影响的实践活动。而从马克思主义人学视域来观察、分析和解读思想政治教育社会化，就为破解这一难题提供了新的理论观念与研究思路。对于传统德育中“目中无人”现象的消除，对于当前思想政治教育主动性、针对性和实效性的提升，及其说服力、吸引力和感染力的增强提供了新的方向。本研究以马克思主义哲学为基础，立足于马克思主义的基本立场、观点与方法，主要运用马克思主义人学理论对思想政治教育社会化进行分析与解读，以求对新形势下的思想政治教育社会化进行整体性的人本解读和人学透视，为思想政治教育社会化的理论和实践提供崭新的视角与思路，并为思想政治教育人学研究的丰富与深化提供积极的参考。本研究主要从现实起点、内在动力、发展目的以及实践拓展等四个方面论述思想政治教育社会化。基于马克思关于“人的本质在其现实性上是社会关系的总和”的论断，对思想政治教育中人的社会性问题进行反思，从人的社会本质上重新思想政治教育中“人的社会化与个性化”、“社会本位与个体本位”等问题，并强调“具体个人”应成为思想政治教育中人的社会化的现实起点。需要是历史唯物主义和马克思主义人学的一个重要范畴。需要既是人天然的“内在规定性”也是人类实践的原动力，还是社会历史发展的深层动力。在思想政治教育社会化与人的需要之间始终存在着一定的张力，可以说，二者的关系是密不可分的。这样，思想政治教育社会化就必须重视受教育者的需要，要适当满足受教育者的需要，特别是精神需要，引导他们正确对待自身需要以及利益，并且不断地对自身需要结构进行优化，进而追求崇高的信仰和健康向上的精神生活。基于马克思关于“人的全面发展”学说，重新人的发展和全面发展教育问题在思想政治教育社会化中的地位与作用，认为在社会化中人的全面发展着重体现为一种整体发展、全面需求发展，以及必须在个人的社会化实践活动中实现全面发展，进而提出了人的潜能的开发是思想政治教育社会化的现实目标的观点。基于马克思关于实践活动在人的生成中的意义的揭示，深刻理解人的实践活动性质及其与人的社会化的关系，提出学习与交往作为思想政治教育中人的社会化的两种基本实践活动，在人的社会化发展可能性变为现实性的转换中起着决定性的作用。
[Abstract]:In the course of the development of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics, ideological and political education has made outstanding contributions and made brilliant achievements. However, while obtaining these achievements and achievements, there are also many problems. One of the most prominent problems is the tendency of rigidity and isolation in the development of Ideological and political education. The tendency of the transformation and isolation directly leads to the poor effect of Ideological and political education and the phenomenon of disconnection with the reality. The fundamental reason for this tendency lies in that the ideological and political education highlights the instrumental value unilaterally in its own development, while neglecting the pursuit of its own intrinsic purpose, that is, to cultivate freedom and all. The pursuit of people in the face of development shows that ideological and political education can not adapt to the development of the external society flexibly and not to contact the actual situation of the subject in the ideological and political education. The solution of these problems puts forward the problem of deepening the study of the socialization of Ideological and Political Education. It is of the times and urgency. If we can not study the socialization of Ideological and political education in theory, it can only lead to the socialization of Ideological and political education only in form, and can not effectively guide our ideological and political education practice.
As a way of socialization of people, ideological and political education is a two-way socialized process. On the one hand, it embodies the process of adapting to individual or practical activities and the demands of the real society. On the other hand, it embodies the process of reforming and promoting social development by many subjects. In the socialization of Ideological and political education, there are two kinds of interaction. The logical route of the inverse is a socialized route from outside and inside. In this direction, the practice of Ideological and political education is guided by the development and change of the external society. Through the process of the continuous change of the subject of Ideological and political education and the coordination of the external society, this process is a process of passive adaptation to the development of the society. The internal and external socialized route, that is, through the communication and communication between the individuals participating in the ideological and political education, forms a common experience, and influences and transforms the whole society through ideological and political education activities. This is a positive and active socialization. This article attempts to take this line as the mainline of the socialization of the internal and external and to the ideological and political system. The problem of socialization of education is studied in order to break the tendency of rigid and isolated ideological and political education, and make ideological and political education truly become a practical activity that has a great influence on people's ideological consciousness.
The analysis and interpretation of the socialization of Ideological and political education from the perspective of Marx's theory of humanism provides new theoretical ideas and research ideas for solving this problem. The elimination of the phenomenon of "no one in the eyes" in the traditional moral education, the promotion of the initiative of Ideological and political education, the promotion of the pertinence and effectiveness, and the persuasiveness, and the persuasiveness of the traditional moral education. This study, based on Marx's philosophy, based on the basic standpoint of Marx doctrine, views and methods, mainly analyzes and interprets the socialization of Ideological and political education by using the theory of Marx's humanism in order to carry out the socialization of Ideological and Political Education under the new situation. It provides a new perspective and thought for the theory and practice of the socialization of Ideological and political education, and provides a positive reference for the enrichment and deepening of the research on the ideological and political education of human science. This study mainly discusses the ideological and political aspects from four aspects, such as the starting point of the reality, the internal motivation, the development goal and the development of practice. Education is socialized.
On the basis of Marx's argument about "the essence of human being is the sum of social relations in reality", it reflects on the social problems of people in Ideological and political education, and from the social essence of the human society, "the socialization and individualization of human being", "the social standard and the individual standard" in the ideological and political education, and the emphasis on "specific" People should become the realistic starting point of socialization of human beings in Ideological and political education.
The need is an important category of historical materialism and Marx's humanism. It needs both the natural "inherent regulation" as well as the motive force of human practice as well as the deep motive force of the development of social history. There is always a certain tension between the socialization of Ideological and political education and the needs of human beings. It can be said that the relationship between the two is the relationship between the people. It is inseparable. In this way, the socialization of Ideological and political education must pay attention to the needs of the educated, meet the needs of the educated, especially the spiritual needs, guide them to correctly treat their own needs and interests, and continue to optimize their own needs structure, and then pursue lofty beliefs and healthy spiritual life. Live.
Based on Marx's theory of "all-round development of human beings", the status and role of the problem of human development and all-round development of education in the socialization of Ideological and political education, it is believed that the overall development of human beings in socialization is mainly embodied in a whole development, comprehensive demand and development, and it must be realized in the individual's social practice. Face development, and then put forward that the development of human potential is the realistic goal of socialization of Ideological and political education.
On the basis of Marx's revelation of the significance of practical activities in the generation of human beings, a profound understanding of the nature of human practice and the relationship with the socialization of human beings, it is proposed that learning and communication are the two basic practical activities of the socialization of people in Ideological and political education, which play a role in the transformation of the possibility of human socialization to reality. The decisive role.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D64

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