抚顺战犯改造中的思想政治教育研究
发布时间：2019-05-18 17:10
【摘要】：抚顺战犯管理所是新中国改造战争罪犯的一所重要机构,在这里谱写了伟大的篇章,记录了历史的奇迹。抚顺战犯的成功改造,是在人民民主专政和强制改造的前提下与思想政治教育的灵魂改造共同作用的结果。而且,在战犯改造过程中,惟有思想政治教育能够触及战犯的思想深处和灵魂,重塑战犯的思想价值观念,由此,思想政治教育成为抚顺战犯管理所成功改造战犯的基本手段之一。战犯改造过程中思想政治教育的特殊运用及其经验,在新中国思想政治教育历史上值得总结和研究。它是在特殊条件下运用思想政治教育改造最顽固的一群人思想的成功案例,贯穿于其中的思想政治教育工作理念和实践做法,需要理论总结和提升以惠及和启示今天。本文以抚顺战犯改造中的思想政治教育历史为依据,以提高当下思想政治教育的针对性和实效性为实践观照,展开对抚顺战犯改造过程中的思想政治教育研究,力图从这一个案中呈现出的个别、特殊中提升出普遍和一般,从中延伸出对当今思想政治教育有益的思想支持和实践借鉴价值。全文由四部分构成:第一章,抚顺战犯管理所战犯改造何以可能。这部分的研究旨在以发生的历史事实为基础,追问对战犯成功改造背后的因由,从而逻辑地引出和定位以“底线共识”为准则的思想政治教育对抚顺战犯改造成功的“理念”蕴含。抚顺战犯管理所战犯改造何以可能?宏观上说,一方面,国内、国际形势为抚顺战犯改造的成功提供了有利条件;另一方面,“底线共识”的思想政治教育在战犯改造过程中发挥了强大的感化和转化作用。“底线共识”思想政治教育的形成,基于人类共存的人性观念。其特点是从考察人以及人性这一基本共识为出发点,以个体为着力点,再由点与点推及至人际的、社会的关系视角。遵循中国传统伦常的道德思维观念,秉持正义观念构建良好的政治生态环境,注重“以文化人”的劝服教化作用。它通过对人的深层心灵的感知和觉悟,获得某些认识,推己及人、将心比心去感知感化罪犯,唯有这样,才有可能进入罪犯思想的深层结构实现政治劝服。这些基于“底线共识”维度的“理念”构建了抚顺战犯改造中的强大精神武器,为我们把握抚顺战犯改造中的思想政治教育理论提供了基本线索。第二章,抚顺战犯改造中思想政治教育的目标设计与原则把握。这部分从中观层面研究和揭示抚顺战犯改造中的思想政治教育如何把理念化作目标和实施原则。针对战犯这群特殊的教育对象,并紧紧围绕和重点抓好战犯的“思想改造”这一核心问题,抚顺战犯管理所的教育者们创新性地设计了“层级递进的两步教育目标”——从基础性目标(将战犯由抗拒改造转变为接受改造)向提升性目标推进(重塑战犯的人格)的两步走。在此基础上通过情感重塑、道德重塑和规范重塑改变战犯的世界观、人生观和价值观。在战犯改造过程中,人类共生的人性理念使教育者对战犯给予人性的温暖与关怀的革命人道主义原则在实践中得到具体贯彻;尤其是在对战犯改造中贯彻调查研究、实事求是的精神,坚持求实原则;并针对日本战犯按下层、中层、上层和顽固分子四个层次以分化瓦解为手段,采用孤立上层、瓦解中层、争取下层的层次性原则以及坚持正面引导和说服教育为主的思想疏导原则等的自觉,确立了思想政治教育对抚顺战犯思想改造目标的基本框架。第三章,抚顺战犯改造中思想政治教育的内容、路径和方法。这部分在具体层面重点梳理、阐释抚顺战犯改造中思想政治教育的独特理论。抚顺战犯改造中思想政治教育内容概而言之是重塑战犯的世界观、人生观和价值观。其路径是以传输社会历史观知识为基点,从感性认识上升至理性认识,匡正受教育者的理念;以德性为根基,情感传递为途径,使受教育者从他律上升至自律;以生产劳动和社会参观为催化剂,引导受教育者从自发上升至自觉,促进品德认知向行为实践转化。并集理论教育法、社会教育法、文化渗透法、自我教育法等教育方法为一体,中介教育内容,推进教育目标的实现。第四章,抚顺战犯改造过程中思想政治教育经验的当代启示。历史与现实不可分割,抚顺战犯的成功改造给予当下以有益启示:首先,必须正确把握思想政治教育的对象和起点。针对不同的教育对象及对象的不同心理采取不同的对话方式,正确把握教育对象的层次性,做到尊重和理解教育对象;又因教育对象不同,教育起点也不同,需要正确把握教育对象的思想认识视角,即正确把握教育对象的主体性认识、教育对象的需求性认识、教育对象思想的缺陷性等。其次,必须正确设计思想政治教育的目标、内容和方法。思想政治教育目标要有针对性,内容需要重视和加强马克思主义的世界观、人生观和价值观教育;关注生命教育,丰富生命情感;选择素材要贴近社会生活,传递社会正能量。要重视社会实践教育法;重视环境教育法,增强其人文性。第三,必须正确制定思想政治教育的实施方略。正确认识和把握党和国家的方针政策对思想政治教育的支持与引导,这是制定其实施方略的前提条件;教育目标是思想政治教育的出发点和归宿,是制定其实施方略的首要问题;教育措施是制定思想政治教育实施方略,最终解决问题的必然途径。
[Abstract]:The management of Fushun is an important institution in the new China's reform of war criminals. It has written a great chapter here and recorded the miracle of history. The successful transformation of the war criminals of Fushun is the result of the common function of the soul of the ideological and political education on the premise of the people's democratic dictatorship and the compulsory transformation. Moreover, in the course of the reform of the war criminals, only the ideological and political education can reach the deep and the soul of the war criminals and remould the thought values of the war criminals, so the ideological and political education is one of the basic means of the successful reform of the war criminals. The special application and experience of the ideological and political education in the course of the reform of the war criminals is worth summarizing and studying in the history of the new Chinese ideological and political education. It is a successful case of the reform of the most stubborn group of people under special conditions, through the ideological and political education work concept and practice practice, and needs the theoretical summary and promotion to benefit and inspire today. This paper is based on the history of the ideological and political education in the reform of the war criminals, in order to improve the pertinence and the actual effect of the current ideological and political education, and to study the ideological and political education in the course of the reform of the war criminals. In particular, it can promote the general and general, from which it extends the thought support and the practical reference value which is beneficial to the ideological and political education of the present day. The full text is composed of four parts: the first chapter, the possibility of the reform of the war criminals in Fushun. The research of this part is based on the historical facts and the cause behind the successful reform of the war criminals, so as to logically lead and position the "idea" of the successful "bottom line consensus" of the ideological and political education of the war criminals. What is the possibility of the reform of the war criminals in Fushun? On the one hand, on the one hand, the international situation has provided favorable conditions for the success of the reform of the war criminals. On the other hand, the ideological and political education of the "bottom line consensus" has played a powerful influence and transformation in the process of the reform of the war criminals. The formation of "bottom line consensus" 's ideological and political education is based on the human nature concept of human coexistence. The characteristic is from the basic consensus of the person and the human nature as the starting point, taking the individual as the point of focus, and then the point and point push and the interpersonal and social relationship visual angle. In accordance with the traditional moral thought concept of Chinese traditional ethics, we should build a good political and ecological environment with the concept of justice, and pay attention to the "in a cultural man" 's persuasion and education. Through the perception and consciousness of the deep mind of the person, it obtains some knowledge, the person and the person, and the heart is better than the heart to perceive the probation offender, only in this way, it is possible to enter the deep structure of the criminal thought to realize the political persuasion. These "bottom line consensus"-based "idea" constitute a powerful weapon in the reform of the war criminals, and provide a basic clue for us to grasp the theory of ideological and political education in the reform of the war criminals. The second chapter is to grasp the target design and principle of the ideological and political education in the reform of the war criminals. This part is to study and reveal how the ideological and political education in the reform of the Fushun war criminals should be the goal and the implementation principle. aiming at the special educational objects of war criminals, and closely surrounding and focusing on the core problem of the "the transformation of thought" of war criminals, Educators who have managed to manage the war innovatively design the two-step education goal of the progressive two-step education _ from the basic goal (to transform the war criminals from resistance to transformation to accept the transformation) to the promotion target (to remould the personality of the war criminals). On this basis, the world outlook, outlook on life and value of war criminals are changed through emotional remodelling, moral reconstruction and standardization. In the course of the reform of the war criminals, the concept of humanity's human nature has given the educators the revolutionary humanitarian principles of the warmth and concern of the war criminals to humanity, in practice, and in particular, to carry out the investigation and study in the reform of the war criminals, to seek truth from facts and to adhere to the principle of seeking truth; and aiming at the self-consciousness of the Japanese war criminals by dividing the four levels of the lower layer, the middle layer, the upper layer and the stubborn molecule into a means, adopting the isolation upper layer, the middle layer, the hierarchical principle of the lower layer, the principle of the ideological guidance which is mainly guided by the positive side and the primary education, The basic framework of ideological and political education for the goal of reforming the ideological and political education of the war criminals is established. The third chapter, the content, the path and the method of the ideological and political education in the reform of the war criminals. This part focuses on the specific level to explain the unique theory of the ideological and political education in the reform of the war criminals. The content of ideological and political education in the reform of Fushun war criminals is to remould the world outlook, the outlook on life and the values of war criminals. The path is based on the knowledge of the transmission of social history, from the rise of the perceptual knowledge to the rational understanding, to the idea of being educated, to take the virtue as the foundation, to transfer the emotion to the way, to make the educated from his law to the self-discipline, to produce the labor and the society to visit as the catalyst, To guide the educated from the spontaneous rise to the self-consciousness, and to promote the transformation of the moral cognition to the behavior practice. The education methods such as the theoretical education law, the social education law, the culture penetration method and the self-education law are integrated, the content of the intermediary education and the realization of the goal of education are promoted. The fourth chapter is the contemporary revelation of the experience of ideological and political education in the course of the reform of the war criminals. The history and the reality are inseparable, and the successful reconstruction of the Fushun war criminals gives us the beneficial enlightenment: first, we must correctly grasp the object and the starting point of the ideological and political education. aiming at different educational objects and different psychology of the objects, different ways of dialogue are adopted, the level of the educational object is correctly grasped, the educational objects are respected and understood, That is, the right to grasp the subject of the object of education, the needs of the educational object, the defect of the thought of the educational object, etc. Secondly, the goal, content and method of ideological and political education must be properly designed. The aim of ideological and political education is to be targeted, and the content needs to pay attention to and strengthen the world outlook, life and value education of Marxism; pay attention to life education and enrich the life emotion; choose the material to be close to the social life and transmit the positive energy of the society. It is necessary to pay attention to the social practice education law, to pay attention to the environmental education law and to enhance its humanity. Third, it is necessary to develop the strategy of the implementation of the ideological and political education. To correctly understand and grasp the support and guidance of the principles and policies of the Party and the state on the ideological and political education is a prerequisite for the development of its implementation strategy; the goal of education is the starting point and the end-of-destination of the ideological and political education, and is the primary issue for the development of its implementation strategy; The educational measures are the necessary way to develop the strategy of ideological and political education and solve the problem finally.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D64
，
本文编号：2480186
[Abstract]:The management of Fushun is an important institution in the new China's reform of war criminals. It has written a great chapter here and recorded the miracle of history. The successful transformation of the war criminals of Fushun is the result of the common function of the soul of the ideological and political education on the premise of the people's democratic dictatorship and the compulsory transformation. Moreover, in the course of the reform of the war criminals, only the ideological and political education can reach the deep and the soul of the war criminals and remould the thought values of the war criminals, so the ideological and political education is one of the basic means of the successful reform of the war criminals. The special application and experience of the ideological and political education in the course of the reform of the war criminals is worth summarizing and studying in the history of the new Chinese ideological and political education. It is a successful case of the reform of the most stubborn group of people under special conditions, through the ideological and political education work concept and practice practice, and needs the theoretical summary and promotion to benefit and inspire today. This paper is based on the history of the ideological and political education in the reform of the war criminals, in order to improve the pertinence and the actual effect of the current ideological and political education, and to study the ideological and political education in the course of the reform of the war criminals. In particular, it can promote the general and general, from which it extends the thought support and the practical reference value which is beneficial to the ideological and political education of the present day. The full text is composed of four parts: the first chapter, the possibility of the reform of the war criminals in Fushun. The research of this part is based on the historical facts and the cause behind the successful reform of the war criminals, so as to logically lead and position the "idea" of the successful "bottom line consensus" of the ideological and political education of the war criminals. What is the possibility of the reform of the war criminals in Fushun? On the one hand, on the one hand, the international situation has provided favorable conditions for the success of the reform of the war criminals. On the other hand, the ideological and political education of the "bottom line consensus" has played a powerful influence and transformation in the process of the reform of the war criminals. The formation of "bottom line consensus" 's ideological and political education is based on the human nature concept of human coexistence. The characteristic is from the basic consensus of the person and the human nature as the starting point, taking the individual as the point of focus, and then the point and point push and the interpersonal and social relationship visual angle. In accordance with the traditional moral thought concept of Chinese traditional ethics, we should build a good political and ecological environment with the concept of justice, and pay attention to the "in a cultural man" 's persuasion and education. Through the perception and consciousness of the deep mind of the person, it obtains some knowledge, the person and the person, and the heart is better than the heart to perceive the probation offender, only in this way, it is possible to enter the deep structure of the criminal thought to realize the political persuasion. These "bottom line consensus"-based "idea" constitute a powerful weapon in the reform of the war criminals, and provide a basic clue for us to grasp the theory of ideological and political education in the reform of the war criminals. The second chapter is to grasp the target design and principle of the ideological and political education in the reform of the war criminals. This part is to study and reveal how the ideological and political education in the reform of the Fushun war criminals should be the goal and the implementation principle. aiming at the special educational objects of war criminals, and closely surrounding and focusing on the core problem of the "the transformation of thought" of war criminals, Educators who have managed to manage the war innovatively design the two-step education goal of the progressive two-step education _ from the basic goal (to transform the war criminals from resistance to transformation to accept the transformation) to the promotion target (to remould the personality of the war criminals). On this basis, the world outlook, outlook on life and value of war criminals are changed through emotional remodelling, moral reconstruction and standardization. In the course of the reform of the war criminals, the concept of humanity's human nature has given the educators the revolutionary humanitarian principles of the warmth and concern of the war criminals to humanity, in practice, and in particular, to carry out the investigation and study in the reform of the war criminals, to seek truth from facts and to adhere to the principle of seeking truth; and aiming at the self-consciousness of the Japanese war criminals by dividing the four levels of the lower layer, the middle layer, the upper layer and the stubborn molecule into a means, adopting the isolation upper layer, the middle layer, the hierarchical principle of the lower layer, the principle of the ideological guidance which is mainly guided by the positive side and the primary education, The basic framework of ideological and political education for the goal of reforming the ideological and political education of the war criminals is established. The third chapter, the content, the path and the method of the ideological and political education in the reform of the war criminals. This part focuses on the specific level to explain the unique theory of the ideological and political education in the reform of the war criminals. The content of ideological and political education in the reform of Fushun war criminals is to remould the world outlook, the outlook on life and the values of war criminals. The path is based on the knowledge of the transmission of social history, from the rise of the perceptual knowledge to the rational understanding, to the idea of being educated, to take the virtue as the foundation, to transfer the emotion to the way, to make the educated from his law to the self-discipline, to produce the labor and the society to visit as the catalyst, To guide the educated from the spontaneous rise to the self-consciousness, and to promote the transformation of the moral cognition to the behavior practice. The education methods such as the theoretical education law, the social education law, the culture penetration method and the self-education law are integrated, the content of the intermediary education and the realization of the goal of education are promoted. The fourth chapter is the contemporary revelation of the experience of ideological and political education in the course of the reform of the war criminals. The history and the reality are inseparable, and the successful reconstruction of the Fushun war criminals gives us the beneficial enlightenment: first, we must correctly grasp the object and the starting point of the ideological and political education. aiming at different educational objects and different psychology of the objects, different ways of dialogue are adopted, the level of the educational object is correctly grasped, the educational objects are respected and understood, That is, the right to grasp the subject of the object of education, the needs of the educational object, the defect of the thought of the educational object, etc. Secondly, the goal, content and method of ideological and political education must be properly designed. The aim of ideological and political education is to be targeted, and the content needs to pay attention to and strengthen the world outlook, life and value education of Marxism; pay attention to life education and enrich the life emotion; choose the material to be close to the social life and transmit the positive energy of the society. It is necessary to pay attention to the social practice education law, to pay attention to the environmental education law and to enhance its humanity. Third, it is necessary to develop the strategy of the implementation of the ideological and political education. To correctly understand and grasp the support and guidance of the principles and policies of the Party and the state on the ideological and political education is a prerequisite for the development of its implementation strategy; the goal of education is the starting point and the end-of-destination of the ideological and political education, and is the primary issue for the development of its implementation strategy; The educational measures are the necessary way to develop the strategy of ideological and political education and solve the problem finally.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D64
，
本文编号：2480186
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