秦诏铜箍残件与秦桶量之复原——兼论桶量与斛量之更替

发布时间：2018-05-19 17:50

本文选题：秦诏版 + 桶　；参考：《故宫博物院院刊》2017年03期

【摘要】：新见秦代诏书铭文残器,应属附于量器上的诏版,其形制向所未见。经计算复原,原器应为环形,其周长约118厘米,可箍于直径约37.5厘米的量器器身。推测与之相对应者,应正是久所湮没的秦桶量。桶,即《史记》所载商鞅变法时"平斗桶、权衡、丈尺"中之"桶"量,亦即睡虎地秦简中之"甬",其容十斗,朱剑心谓,"甬之器,不传于今"。参考残箍数据以及桶量容值等,则可大致复原出秦桶量之形制。这也是近世首次复原出秦桶量,进而填补了秦制"桶-斗-升"序列中桶量形制的空白。复原秦桶量之形制、尺寸,又与汉斛大致相合,故可印证郑玄对于"桶"与"斛"同器异名的判断,也揭示了度量衡领域汉承秦制的一面。而"桶""斛"名称的变化,当属王莽复古改制的产物,在"石"这一单位业已混乱的背景下,实际指向了秦汉度量衡制度的合理调整。
[Abstract]:The inscriptions of the imperial edict of the Qin Dynasty should be attached to the measuring apparatus, whose shape has not been seen. By calculation, the original vessel should be annular, its circumference is about 118 cm, it can be clamped to the measuring device body of about 37.5 cm diameter. Conjecture and its corresponding, should be the long annihilation of the Qin bucket. The bucket, or Shang Yang's reform, contained in the Book of History, "flat bucket, balance, Zhang ruler," in the "bucket", that is, sleeping tiger Qin bamboo slips in the "Yong", its capacity of ten, Zhu Jianxin said, "Yongzhu, not the present." Referring to the data of the residual hoop and the volume of the bucket, the shape of the volume of the Qin bucket can be roughly restored. This is the first time in modern times to recover the volume of Qin barrels, thus filling the blank in the "bucket-liter" sequence. It can confirm Zheng Xuan's judgment on the synonym of "barrel" and "Dendrobium", and also reveal the aspect of Han Dynasty's Qin system in the field of measurement and measurement. The change of the name of "Dendrobium" is a product of Wang Mang's reversion to the ancient times. Under the background that the "Shi" unit has been confused, it actually points to the reasonable adjustment of the system of measurement and measurement in the Qin and Han dynasties.
【作者单位】：北京大学历史学系;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“秦统一及其历史意义再研究”之部分,项目批准文号:14ZDB028
【分类号】：G264.3

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