金属薄膜试片在博物馆藏展材料评估中的研究与应用

发布时间：2018-08-06 21:41

【摘要】：随着我国经济的高速发展,大气污染日益严重。处在大环境污染中的博物馆,其室内空气质量不容乐观。空气质量的恶化不仅使文物受损日益严重,而且也使人们对博物馆藏品在陈列过程中的保护问题越来越关注。由于受到治理技术、监测技术、经济条件等方面的制约,博物馆室内污染气体如NOx、SO2、O3等以及总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)的污染仍较为严重。另外,随着现代化工业的发展,可供博物馆选择制作陈列装饰橱柜的材料如木材、塑料、纺织品、涂料、粘合剂、高分子材料、复合材料等种类越来越多,这些陈列装饰用材料可缓慢降解释放出各种挥发性成分。而在封闭的陈列柜或储藏室中,这些化合物的浓度会不断增加并将会加速文物如各种金属文物的腐蚀。为了从源头上控制这种风险,用于博物馆内藏展材料的筛选评估是十分必要的。 Oddy测试法是一种金属加速腐蚀实验,广泛应用于博物馆藏展材料的适用性评估。然而,其试验周期较长、依靠主观判断甄别结果。本论文将金属纳米真空镀膜技术、计算机数字图像采集及处理技术和现代表征技术相结合,最终建立起一种快速、准确、客观的博物馆藏展材料筛选评估方法及标准。本研究主要结论如下： (1)现代真空蒸镀镀膜技术制备标准化Ag、Cu薄膜材料试片,试片表面金属离子大小在20-30 nm之间,薄膜厚度约为200 nm。利用Ag、Cu薄膜试片表面活性较高、腐蚀现象明显等特性,替代传统块状金属Ag、Cu试片,改进Oddy测试法,将污染物对文物的综合影响评价时间大为缩短,从过去的28 d缩短至14d。 (2)研制开发针对金属薄膜试片图像的腐蚀程度判断的分析软件和腐蚀试片计算机分级评判系统,利用K均值聚类的图像分割算法和传统Oddy测试法结果制定出藏展材料的分级标准,实现腐蚀结果数据化,以达到对藏展材料的快速、客观的评估,从而实现简化操作、缩短测试时间和提高准确度的目的。完成了对常用藏展材料复合板、天然木材、织物、包装材料、塑料、胶、油漆七大类16小类,共计100多种材料的检测和筛选。上述所提到的材料已通过金属薄膜测试方法的评估,并且与平行测试结果的吻合度高达90%以上,所得到的结果与传统Oddy测试结果吻合度达到70%以上 (3)利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅立叶红外光谱仪一怀特池(FTIR-WhiteCell)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、固相微萃取(SPME)和气质联用仪(GC/MS)等仪器,用于表征Cu、Ag薄膜试片和藏展材料在挥发和降解过程中所释放的污染物成分,佐证其藏展材料中挥发和降解的物质对Ag、Cu和Pb金属文物的腐蚀机理,从污染物腐蚀Ag、Cu薄膜试片的机理上进行了深入探讨。综合其上三个改进点,在Oddy测试法的基础上,本文提出了一套完整的用于博物馆内藏展材料筛选评估的金属薄膜测试法。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy in China, air pollution is becoming more and more serious. The indoor air quality of the museum, which is in great environmental pollution, is not optimistic. The deterioration of air quality not only causes more and more damage to cultural relics, but also makes people pay more and more attention to the protection of museum collections. Due to the restriction of control technology, monitoring technology and economic conditions, indoor pollution gases such as no _ XO _ 2O _ 3 and total suspended particulate matter (TSP) in museums are still seriously polluted. In addition, with the development of modern industry, more and more kinds of materials such as wood, plastics, textiles, paints, adhesives, polymer materials, composite materials and so on can be selected for museums to make decorative cabinets. These display and decoration materials can slowly degrade and release volatile compounds. In closed display cabinets or storage rooms, the concentration of these compounds increases and accelerates the corrosion of artifacts such as metal artifacts. In order to control this risk from the source, it is necessary to apply it to the screening and evaluation of the exhibition materials in museums. Oddy method is a metal accelerated corrosion test, which is widely used to evaluate the applicability of museum exhibition materials. However, the test period is longer and the results are determined by subjective judgment. In this paper, a fast, accurate and objective method and standard for screening and evaluation of museum exhibition materials is established by combining metal nano-vacuum coating technology, computer digital image acquisition and processing technology and modern characterization technology. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) the modern vacuum evaporation plating technique has been used to prepare the standard Ag-Cu thin film films. The metal ions on the surface of the films are between 20-30 nm and the thickness of the films is about 200 nm. Taking advantage of the characteristics of high surface activity and obvious corrosion phenomenon of Ag-Cu thin film, this paper replaces the traditional bulk metal Ag-Cu test sheet, and improves the Oddy test method, which shortens the comprehensive evaluation time of the influence of pollutants on cultural relics. From the past 28 days to 14 days. (2) to develop an analytical software for judging the corrosion degree of the image of metal film test piece and a computer grading judgment system for corrosion test piece. By using the image segmentation algorithm based on K-means clustering and the results of traditional Oddy test method, the classification standard of the development materials is worked out, and the corrosion results are digitized, so that the rapid and objective evaluation of the exhibition materials can be achieved, and the simplified operation can be realized. The purpose of shortening test time and improving accuracy. A total of more than 100 kinds of materials were tested and screened, including composite board, natural wood, fabric, packaging material, plastic, glue and paint. The materials mentioned above have been evaluated by the metal film test method and are in good agreement with the results of the parallel test up to 90%, The agreement between the obtained results and the traditional Oddy results is over 70% (3) the solid phase microextraction (SPME) and temperament of (SPME) with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),) in the white cell (FTIR-WhiteCell) are obtained by (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (SEM),) with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),). GC/MS and other instruments, It can be used to characterize the contaminants released in the volatilization and degradation of Cu / Ag films and storage materials, and to prove the corrosion mechanism of the volatilized and degraded materials to the Ag / Cu and Pb metal relics. In this paper, the mechanism of contaminant corrosion of Agnu Cu thin film is discussed. On the basis of the Oddy test method, a complete set of metal film testing method for screening and evaluation of the exhibition materials in the museum is proposed based on the above three improvements.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TG174.3;G265

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