面向博物馆的学习单设计研究

发布时间：2019-01-18 11:37

【摘要】：博物馆作为人类文明的精粹汇聚,是不同知识体系汇集而成的庞大的知识资源系统,在不同方面为个体学习者提供着机会。从20世纪中期起,随着学习型社会的崛起,作为非正式学习典型代表的博物馆学习愈发受到研究者们的重视,但通过众多学者的调研发现,博物馆学习的效果并不理想。为了充分发挥博物馆教育功能、提升博物馆学习效果、更好的满足参观者的学习需求,促进博物馆学习的中介性工具学习单(worksheet)应运而生。有效设计的学习单能够较好的沟通参观者与馆藏展品,促进参观者在博物馆情境中更好的进行探究性学习。目前关于博物馆学习单研究的相关文献和案例都较少,相关研究尚处于起步阶段,学者们对博物馆学习单的有效设计尚未展开深入的探讨与研究,理论上也暂未形成系统理解。本文采用文献研究、案例分析等研究方法对博物馆学习单的有效设计的进行探索,通过对国内外著名博物馆的经典学习单案例进行分析,归纳博物馆学习单设计的基本模块和要素,从信息加工学习理论、体验学习理论、情境学习理论中萃取启示,并根据ADDIE教学设计模型的指导,构建出面向博物馆的学习单设计模型,为博物馆学习单的设计提供一定的指导。最后以扬州双博馆广陵潮展厅为例,依据该博物馆学习单设计模型设计和开发出一系列博物馆学习单,设计实验并募集实验对象进行应用研究,对学习单设计模型的有效性进行进一步的验证。本研究的主要工作如下:首先,对博物馆学习、学习单等相关概念进行界定,并对博物馆学习、学习单等相关研究的起源、发展与现状进行梳理和综述,梳理信息加工学习理论、体验学习理论、情境学习理论等相关理论,提萃要点,为博物馆学习单设计模型的构建奠定理论基础。其次,根据可获得性及博物馆代表性等综合因素,筛选国内外著名博物馆的经典学习单案例进行具体的归纳与分析,归纳博物馆学习单设计特色与设计要素,对博物馆学习单的有效设计展开探索。再次,根据ADDIE教学设计模型的指导,构建出包含参观者分析、学习单设计、学习单开发、学习单应用、反馈与评价五大环节在内的面向博物馆的学习单设计模型,阐述博物馆学习单设计的完整流程。最后,以所构建的博物馆学习单设计模型为指导,设计与开发扬州双博馆广陵潮展厅系列学习单,设计实验组控制组后测准实验法进行实验,通过调查问卷收集数据,使用SPSS软件对实验数据进行分析,对模型的有效性进行验证。研究表明博物馆学习单设计模型对指导设计者进行博物馆学习单的有效设计具有重要作用,依据该模型设计出的学习单有效的帮助了参观者更好的进行博物馆参观,较好的提高了参观者的学习效果。本研究对如何提升博物馆学习效果、如何设计有效的博物馆学习单进行了有益的尝试,为后续相关研究提供了一定的参考。
[Abstract]:As the essence of human civilization, museum is a huge knowledge resource system which is composed of different knowledge systems and provides opportunities for individual learners in different aspects. Since the middle of the 20th century, with the rise of learning society, museum learning, as a typical representative of informal learning, has been paid more and more attention by researchers. However, through the research of many scholars, it is found that the effect of museum learning is not ideal. In order to give full play to the function of museum education, improve the learning effect of museum, and better meet the learning needs of visitors, the intermediary tool learning single (worksheet) for promoting museum learning emerges as the times require. The effective design of the study sheet can better communicate the visitors and collections of exhibits, and promote the visitors to better explore learning in the museum context. At present, there are few related documents and cases on museum study list, and the relevant research is still in its infancy. Scholars have not carried out a deep discussion and research on the effective design of museum study list, and have not yet formed a systematic understanding in theory. In this paper, the effective design of the museum study list is explored by the methods of literature research and case analysis, and the classic learning single case of the famous museums at home and abroad is analyzed. The basic modules and elements of the design of museum learning sheet are summarized, and the inspiration is extracted from the information processing learning theory, the experience learning theory, the situational learning theory, and according to the instruction of the ADDIE instructional design model. The design model of the learning sheet for the museum is constructed to provide some guidance for the design of the museum study list. Finally, taking the Guangling Tide Exhibition Hall of Yangzhou Shuangbo Pavilion as an example, a series of museum study lists are designed and developed according to the design model of the museum's study sheet. The validity of the learning single design model is further verified. The main work of this study is as follows: firstly, the related concepts of museum learning and learning list are defined, and the origin, development and current situation of museum study and study list are summarized. Combing information processing learning theory, experiential learning theory, situational learning theory and other relevant theories, the main points are proposed, which will lay a theoretical foundation for the construction of museum learning single design model. Secondly, according to the comprehensive factors such as availability and museum representativeness, this paper selects the classic learning single case of famous museums both at home and abroad for concrete induction and analysis, and sums up the design features and design elements of museum learning list. To explore the effective design of museum study list. Thirdly, according to the instruction of the ADDIE instructional design model, the paper constructs a museum oriented learning list design model, which includes five links: visitor analysis, learning single design, learning single development, learning single application, feedback and evaluation, which includes five aspects: visitor analysis, learning single design, learning single development, learning single application, feedback and evaluation. This paper expounds the complete process of the design of the museum study sheet. Finally, under the guidance of the design model of the museum study sheet, a series of study sheets are designed and developed in the Guangling Tide Exhibition Hall of Yangzhou Shuangbo Pavilion, and the experimental group control group is designed to carry out the experiment with the post-test method, and the data are collected through the questionnaire. SPSS software is used to analyze the experimental data and verify the validity of the model. The research shows that the design model of museum study sheet plays an important role in instructing designers to design museum study list effectively. The study list designed according to the model can help visitors to visit the museum better. Better improve the learning effect of visitors. This study is a useful attempt on how to improve the effectiveness of museum learning and how to design an effective museum study list, which provides a certain reference for the follow-up research.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G266

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