中国农产品的国际竞争力研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 14:43

本文选题：农产品国际竞争力 + 比较优势　；参考：《东北财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为一个传统的农业大国,我国历来重视农产品贸易的发展。2001年入世以来,为了履行入世承诺,我国政府对现行的农业政策进行了根本性地调整,旨在促进农产品的有效供给和农民收入的增长。但自改革开放以来,农产品贸易发展进程较为缓慢,一方面受到我国农业水平的制约,另一方面受到世界贸易环境的影响。从农业发展形势来看,我国农业发展水平低、技术落后,增长速度慢,与工业发展的差距大,整体农业增长的后备力量不足。从贸易环境来看,金融危机以来,国际贸易保护主义抬头,我国农产品贸易频遭美欧国家反倾销、反补贴和技术性贸易壁垒的情况时有发生,国际贸易环境进一步恶化。随着经济全球化的不断深入,各大经济体间的联系更加密切,生产要素可以在国际间自由流动,从而实现资源的重组。在全球化的浪潮下,各国都希望建立完整的产业链条,通过生产要素在国际间的自由流动,获得国际分工的主导地位,从而在国际市场上立于有利地位。在农业国际化的进程中,国际技术、资本将会涌入我国,对农业资源进行整合,一定程度上会促进我国农业的产业升级。但现阶段我国农业资源具有土地分散、小农经营等特征,农业发展水平较低,且还未形成完整的产业链条。在这种情况下,如果我国不能明确农业资源优势,形成有力的农业竞争优势,就容易导致我国农业被处于劣势地位的后果。因此,在这种农产品贸易的新形势下,我国农产品贸易发展的当务之急是研究我国农产品的真实情况,评估、比较其国际竞争力,找出问题存在的原因,提出解决的对策方法,进而形成持久的竞争能力,使我国农产品贸易在国际市场竞争中掌握主动权。首先,本文基于贸易数据,采用定量分析的方法,分别对我国土地密集型农产品和劳动密集型农产品的国际竞争力进行评估与考察。由于土地密集型农产品贸易的特殊性,近而采用土地生产率指标对其国际竞争力进行补充考察；其次,运用钻石模型对影响我国农产品国际竞争力的因素进行定性分析；最后,基于前文的分析,针对当前农产品生产存在的问题,提出提高其竞争力的方法,希望能对促进我国农产品对外贸易发展、制定科学合理的农业发展政策产生一定的现实意义。全文分为六个部分：第一章为绪论,介绍本文的写作背景与意义,分析比较国内外相关研究成果,介绍研究思路、方法和结构框架,并指出本文的创新与不足。第二章阐述了本文相关的理论知识和评价指标。理论主要为比较优势理论和竞争优势理论；评价指标为国际市场占有率、贸易竞争力指数、显示性竞争优势指数这三个指标及土地生产率指标。第三章分析我国农产品的生产和贸易概况。生产概况的分析包括农产品的生产规模和生产结构,进而对比分析中国、印度、美国的农产品生产能力。其中,农产品生产能力主要从农产品的总种植面积、总产量、单产和人均产量这四方面进行考察；对农产品贸易概况的分析主要包括农产品出口规模、出口结构、出口市场三方面。分析显示,近年来我国农产品的生产规模不断扩大,农产品种植面积和产值呈快速增长趋势,但农产品结构比较单一,主要以粮食作物为主。与农业大国印度和贸易大国美国相比,我国农产品单位生产能力不强。在农产品贸易方面,近年来我国贸易量快速增加,同时贸易逆差逐年扩大,出口的农产品主要为蔬菜、水果等劳动密集型农产品,出口市场比较单一,市场集中度较高。第四章分析我国农产品的国际竞争力。笔者基于进出口数据,采用国际市场占有率、贸易竞争力指数和显示性竞争优势指数三个指标,分别选取我国土地密集型农产品和劳动密集型农产品中的主要产品,进行农产品国际竞争力的纵向分析,并与主要出口围家的农产品进行国际竞争力的横向比较。由于土地密集型农产品贸易的特殊性,又采用土地生产率指标进行补充考察,其中土地生产率指标包括自然条件、机械化水平和基本农资投入。分析显示,我国土地密集型农产品的国际竞争力比较弱,相比之下,我国劳动密集型农产品的国际竞争力较强,但近年来我国农产品的整体国际竞争力呈下降趋势。第五章基于钻石模型,从生产要素、需求条件、相关产业、经营主体与竞争环境、政府和偶然事件这六个方面,具体分析制约我国农产品国际竞争力的因素。分析显示,加入世界贸易组织以来,我国农产品生产在各方面获得了一定的发展与改善,但是与其他国家相比,我国农产品生产还存在如下问题：土地资源不足,劳动力文化素质低,资本投入不足,农产品质量低,相关性产业不发达,国际市场环境恶劣,国家支持与保护力度不够,这些问题严重制约着我国农产品国际竞争力的提高。第六章基于前文的分析,针对当前农业存在的问题,提出解决方法和对策,希望有助于我国农产品竞争力的提高。
[Abstract]:As a traditional agricultural country , our country has always paid great attention to the development of agricultural trade . Since the entry into WTO in 2001 , our government has carried out a radical adjustment to the current agricultural policy , aiming at promoting the effective supply of agricultural products and the increase of farmers ' income .

Under the tide of globalization , all countries want to establish a complete industrial chain . Under the tide of globalization , all countries want to establish a complete industrial chain . In the process of globalization , China ' s agricultural resources have the advantages of land dispersion , small farm operation and so on .

Firstly , based on the trade data , this paper makes a quantitative analysis on the international competitiveness of land - intensive agricultural products and labor - intensive agricultural products in our country .
Secondly , the factors that affect the international competitiveness of China ' s agricultural products are qualitatively analyzed by using the diamond model .
Finally , based on the analysis of the previous article , aiming at the problems existing in the production of agricultural products , the paper puts forward a method to improve the competitiveness of agricultural products . It is hoped that it will have realistic meaning to promote the development of the foreign trade of China ' s agricultural products and to formulate scientific and reasonable agricultural development policies .

The full text is divided into six parts :

The first chapter introduces the background and significance of writing , analyzes the relevant research results at home and abroad , introduces the research thoughts , methods and structural framework , and points out the innovation and deficiency of this article .

The second chapter expounds the relevant theoretical knowledge and evaluation indexes in this paper . The theory is mainly comparative advantage theory and competitive advantage theory .
The evaluation index is the index of international market share , trade competitiveness index , display competitive advantage index and land productivity index .

In chapter 3 , the production and trade of agricultural products in China are analyzed . The production scale and production structure of agricultural products are analyzed , and the productive capacity of agricultural products in China , India and the United States is analyzed .
This paper analyzes the trade situation of agricultural products , including the export scale of agricultural products , export structure and export market . In recent years , the production scale of agricultural products has been expanding , the planting area and output value of agricultural products are growing rapidly , but the structure of agricultural products is relatively single , mainly by grain crops . In the area of agricultural trade , the trade volume of our country is increased rapidly in recent years . At the same time , the export agricultural products are mainly vegetables , fruits and other labor - intensive agricultural products , the export market is relatively single , and the market concentration is higher .

Chapter four analyzes the international competitiveness of China ' s agricultural products . Based on the import and export data , the author selects the main products of China ' s land - intensive agricultural products and labor - intensive agricultural products by using three indexes of international market share , trade competitiveness index and display competitive advantage index .

The fifth chapter , based on the diamond model , analyzes the factors that restrict the international competitiveness of China ' s agricultural products from six aspects : production factor , demand condition , related industry , business subject and competition environment , government and occasional event .

The sixth chapter is based on the analysis of the former , aiming at the problems existing in the current agriculture , puts forward the solutions and countermeasures , and hopes to improve the competitiveness of agricultural products in our country .

【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F323.7

【参考文献】