中国与美国政治体制的区别

发布时间：2016-04-28 10:09

一个国家的政权增加是为了保护国家的利益。在所有国家为了试图保护该国的个人利益，政治制度会被强制执行。另一方面的政治制度也有可能限制国家的经济发展，例如中国和美国。中国和美国的政治体制创造了不可推卸的企业之间利益冲突。连续的政治变革直接影响日常经营活动和企业投资方案的选择。本文将描述，评估和对比中国和美国的政治制度，以及每个潜在的企业所创造的机会和威胁的讨论。

本文将通过描述和讨论两种政治体制的主要特征，并且考虑几个元素，，如政府的角色不同，法律制度等。最后，在讨论国家战略首选的业务的基础上，分析各国的政治制度和其他几个元素之间的差异。中国有一个集中的政治体制。国家的政府机构的结构是垂直的，从中央政府到省政府然后到地方政府。

Regimes of a country are imposed with an aim to protect its interest. In regard to all nation-states, a political regime is enforced, which tries to protect the individuals' interest of that country. The political regimes on the other hand are also probable to limit countries economic development and similar is the case with China and United States. The political regimes of China and USA create inescapable conflict-of-interest where businesses are carried on. The continuous political changes create a straight entailment for daily business activities and in the selection of the type business investment plan. This essay will describe, evaluate, and contrast the political regimes of China and US along with the discussion of opportunities and threats created by each for potential businesses.

This essay will set out by describing, discussing, and comparing the key attributes of two political regimes, accompanied by the consideration of several elements like different roles of government, legal systems etc. In the end, the national strategically preferred for business would be discussed on the basis of differences between countries political regimes and several other elements. China has a centralized political system. The structure of country's government agencies is vertical, from the central government to provincial and local governments. 

In the same agency, lower level authorities are structurally dependent to the higher level. In China, a decision undertaken by a high level government is supposed to be obligating on the lower level government. For instance, the decision to make Shenzhen in Guangdong Province a Special Economic Zone was undertaken at the top level government without any suggestion or input from local level government.

Once a decision is made at high level government, the local government's role is to implement that decision or order. Although, the country has centralized political system but the rules and regulations decided at the central government level are not truly carried out at local level. At the same time due to the large size of the country and the extensive geographical distances between the central government agencies operating in Beijing and the local governments, understanding and execution of given orders is quite localized.
In other words, the local government agencies operating in China determine how to interpret the ordered rules and regulations and what to implement or not to implement. In contrast, if country higher level government determine to carry out a project and communicate it to the local government, then the country's local government is obliged to enforce that decision.
In contrast to China's centralized political system, the US has a federalist political system, in which the power given is shared among the federal and the state governments. Both the Federal and State government enjoy their own authorities by working under the federal framework. The country state government do not have authority over specific matters as these are entirely reserved within the control of local government, for instance use of land. In this way, it can be said that China is a single party state where central government is responsible for initiating and controlling the lower level government. Conversely, the US follows a federal arrangement with assured power to states. China is being headed by a single party, whereas US is headed by various parties.
The control of government also differs significantly in both the China and USA. The United States is a presidential, federal republic. The country is administered with the help of a two party system despite the fact this is not fixed in the constitution. The president is sovereign of the senate. The judicial power is worked out by the judiciary in which the Supreme Court fall and the country's lower federal courts. The judiciary of the country understands U.S constitution, and work in the direction of resolving conflicts between the executive and the legislature. US politics is dominated by two main parties: the republican and the Democratic Party.
In contrast to US political system, the Chinese political system is administrated in regard to the system of people's congress. The country government has organizational form for the state power. State power's highest authority is the NPC whereas the congresses are the agencies. Both the authorities working are people elected. State head is the head of the people's republic of china. He handled domestic issues along with some foreign duties.
The civil servants are responsible for prompting power on the administrative agency as well as implementation of the laws and public services. In China, the areas with high ethnic minorities are managed and administered by self government in regard to the national leadership. The administrative position of these regions is decided by their setting and their inhabitants. Laws are acted out by the NPC. The political system of the country has the chief executive, the administrative organ, the legislature and the judicial organ. Both the country legal system also differ substantially as China is been working hard in regard to its criminal legal system in last some years, whereas US has an effective criminal legal system with number of lawyers.
In spite of various improvements and efforts to improve China's legal system, the country is still in its initial stage in comparison to US well developed and effective legal system. Several laws in China's legal system are not applied, understood, and implemented. As well, several laws in regard to its legal system lack with significant mechanisms for carrying out and imposition. Several laws also conflict with each other. In regard to the country size, its population, and country's economic growth the number of lawyers working is quite insufficient.
In addition, China's judicial system is not able to work as per the need of country's speedy economic development and it is all due to the lack of formal training in this regard. Understanding of a legal contract is different for the Chinese and for the Americans. For a Chinese individual, a contract is a platform through which he could build a relationship instead of deciding the limits of the relationship. Companies operating the U.S. and government usually get request from their Chinese counterparts to sign a memoranda of understanding as it is generally non-binding. Chinese give important to memorandums, considering them as a declaration of formal relationships, whereas US counterparts view it as mere traditional documents. So, there is lots of difference in understanding regard to contract.
On the basis of discussion of two political regimes, I would prefer to do business in China as its political system is more flexible than US democracy. Although, US is doing well from last several years but in future it is expected that the potential of China in regard to doing business is much more than US. The country government controls of US are confusing for a Chinese company trying to enter US as here government works differently at federal, state, and local levels.
At the time of operating in US, a firm is bound to interact primarily with state officials and then it need to re-negotiate the details of specific aspects with the local government. The China in coming time will carry on to be a key player in the world economy. The country population is more than 1.3 billion. The country gross domestic product is also experiencing continuous fast growth that is not experienced by any other country. This is all because of large market potential China has.
The U.S. is unquestionably a major power in regard to economy, technology, financial superiority, and several other aspects, but the market potential of China in present is much more higher than all this. The US also needs the consumer market China has the probability to serve. The competition between two nations is all due to the difference between their fundamental political viewpoints and frameworks. China in present is on a different path and its leaders are trained to appropriate greater participation in different political decisions in regard to economic development. On the other hand, this is not the case with US as it follows the set hierarchy and everybody cannot be involved in decision-making related to economic development.
With the help of above discussion, it becomes evident that instead of US present superpower position, it is beneficial for businesses to enter China as it will gain morepowerful position in coming time. The differences between both countries political regimes also depict that the China's political regime is more flexible than US democracy and today people prefer to work in a flexible business environment. In present hectic life schedules and working environment following different level regulations and negotiating again and again at different government levels is difficult as requited for operating in the US. Therefore, it can be concluded that on the basis of differences between China and US political regimes it is beneficial to do business in China in present.
China is on a different path. Its leaders are prepared to allow greater popular participation in political decisions if and when it is conducive to economic development and favorable to the country's national interests, as they have done in the past 10 years.
However, China's leaders would not hesitate to curtail those freedoms if the conditions and the needs of the nation changed. The 1980s were a time of expanding popular participation in the country's politics that helped loosen the ideological shackles of the destructive Cultural Revolution. But it went too far and led to a vast rebellion at Tiananmen Square.
The U.S. needs the consumer market
that China has the potential to offer, and China needs the capital, technology and other
intangibles that the U.S. has to offer. Despite the many difficulties that people have
encountered and will continue to encounter, business interactions between China and the
U.S. will continue. To a certain extent, they depend on each other to continue their
economic growth (or survival). Business people on both sides of the ocean will have no
choice but to try to adapt to the differences of the other country if they want to stay
competitive and be part of this inevitable bilateral cooperation. Adaptation starts with
understanding.
to enter the country. Hence, conflict-of-interests are commonly tensions between the different in political ideologies, social issues, historical and culture background. As these interests are the catalysts to the type of regimes that the country will impose; moreover, these regimes will favour the different types of industries.
For that reason, the organisations need to conduct analysis on the political system carefully, so that they can better prepare and outperform their business objectives. Based on the four catalysts, this essay will examine and analysis the different regimes that Chinese government and United States government
exercise which will have a lateral effect on the organisation's business planning process; which focus on different perspective of the employment contract politics and human right regime as well as the transparency between the two government bodies.
Political ideologies can be describe as the "field of conceptual meaning created by recurring patterns of conceptual terms and associated policies found in the discourse of politicians as they participate in formal political processes under real-time conditions." {text:bibliography-mark} . Hence, the major types of ideologies will go through reformation and adjustment, where by old and unsuitable policy is replaced by the new policy. These changes or reformation can be observed from the different perspective between the Democracy and communist ideology.

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