英国硕士毕业论文写作指导-What is a dissertation?

发布时间：2016-06-08 22:19

What is a dissertation? 什么是论文？

如上所述，一篇论文是一篇独立的研究，对你所选择的主题进行研究。这一研究是由你们单独完成的，在讲座和研讨会的形式以及导师的指导下进行的。本论文为您提供了自主学习和自我发展的机会，并在一系列的学科和经验的基础上部署解决问题的技能。它让学生有机会深入调查通信研究的一个专门的方面，并表现出的分析，综合和评价的技能。
每一篇论文都是一篇独特的作品，下面的章节通常包括在内。As noted above, a dissertation is an independent piece of research that you carry out on a topic chosen by you. The research is carried out by you alone, with support in the form of lectures and workshops as well as guidance from your supervisor. The dissertation offers you the opportunity to exercise autonomous learning and self-development, and to deploy problem-solving skills across a range of disciplines and experiences. It gives students the opportunity to investigate in depth a specialised aspect of communications studies and demonstrate skills of analysis, synthesis and evaluation.
While every dissertation is a unique piece of work, the following sections are usually included. 

Introductory section导言部分

该研究的研究方向。什么是研究原理，什么是组织或背景，为什么要进行这项研究，什么是它的意义？论文的研究范围和局限性应得到肯定。至关重要的是你的问题的目的和目标作出了什么明确决定。
This should contextualise the research. What is the research rationale, what is the organisational or contextual background, why should this research be undertaken, and what is its significance? There should be an acknowledgement of the scope and limitations of the dissertation. It is critical that your question, aims and objectives are made explicit.

Literature Review文献综述

The literature review provides the theoretical background to the dissertation, including a demonstration of why this literature is relevant to your specific aim. It is absolutely vital that this chapter is a critical evaluation and discussion of the relevant literature and its theoretical roots, and not merely a list of ‘who said what’ in an attempt to demonstrate how much you have read. You should demonstrate an understanding of the current thinking in the relevant discipline, as well as an appreciation of where the gaps in the literature are in relation to your question. Keep in mind that in later sections you will be discussing your findings and how they relate to the literature – in this sense the literature review frames your analysis.

Methodology 方法论

This should be an explanation and evaluation of your underlying philosophical approach to the research and the chosen methodology. You need to explain why your chosen approach is appropriate to your question and how it will inform the nature and quality of the findings and conclusions. Similarly the selection of particular methods and techniques should be evaluated in terms of how appropriate they are for this research. Advantages and limitations of the approach used should be discussed. You should include:

• Decisions made about the data required for the study (What types of data did you collect? What was your sample? Why?)
• The instruments used for their collection (interviews, focus groups, documentary analysis etc.)
• How the data was collected (where, when, what format)
• The researcher-participant relationship
• Ethical considerations relating to the method and how these were managed
• Limitations of the methods used and how these were taken into account 

Findings 结果

本章（或一系列的章节）以一个清晰且有焦点的方式呈现研究结果。牢记这一点的研究的目的。你开始的过程中，提出你的问题，你设置自己的目标。还记得你的伦理义务：这项发现应该以一种保护脆弱的参与者的方式来表现，这是相关的。
This chapter (or series of chapters) presents the research findings in a clear and focused manner. Keep in mind the aim of the research at this point. You are beginning the process of presenting your answer to the question you set yourself in the aim. Remember also your ethical obligations: the findings should be presented in a way that protects vulnerable participants where relevant. 

Discussion and Analysis讨论与分析

研究结果及其分析与讨论可以结合起来。在讨论和分析，，你思考和综合你的结果关系到你的文学批评的评价发现了什么。这就是你清晰的地方，以一个专注和结构化的方式，展示你的主要发现和文学主题之间的关系。你必须展示你的论文有助于当前的思维在相关学科，也许可以通过确认或反驳，先前已经发现。本次讨论中所固有的，将是一个承认的边界，您的研究和它的全面性的局限性。
应该有一些结论性意见，以讨论，绘制出主要的主题，从合成的主要数据，并进行二次研究，你进行。

The presentation of findings and their analysis and discussion can be combined. In the discussion and analysis, you reflect on and synthesise your findings in relation to what you found in your critical evaluation of the literature. This is where you clearly, and in a focused and structured way, show the relationship between your primary findings and the themes from the literature. You must show how your dissertation contributes to current thinking in the relevant discipline, perhaps by confirming or contradicting that which has been found previously. Inherent in this discussion will be an acknowledgement of the boundaries of your research and the limitations to its comprehensiveness.

There should be some concluding comments to this discussion, drawing out the main themes that emerge from the synthesis of your primary data and the secondary research you conducted.

Conclusions结论

This is where you conclude the entire work. Firstly you would need to answer the question or aim that you set yourself. In addition you need to reflect on the process of the research, highlighting where you might have done things differently to improve the dissertation by, for example, using alternative methods or attempting to neutralise any bias you may have brought to the process. You might like also to reflect on any ethical issues or difficulties that arose from your relationship with the organisation or subjects being studied. Finally, conclusions to research almost always include recommendations for further enquiry.

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