主体性“自我意识”逻辑的初步建构——马克思博士论文的思想导读

发布时间：2018-04-04 16:50

本文选题：自我意识　切入点：主体性　出处：《武汉大学学报(人文科学版)》2016年01期

【摘要】：青年马克思的博士论文是马克思思想成长历程中的一个极其重要的文本,它是马克思后来取得一系列思想成果的前提。怀着对人的自由与解放的关怀,青年马克思通过对德谟克利特的自然哲学与伊壁鸠鲁的自然哲学的比较性研究,强调了伊壁鸠鲁自然哲学的重要性和深刻性,凸显了主体自我意识的自由建构在古希腊哲学史上的重要性,并以此来进一步凸显青年黑格尔派的自我意识哲学之于当时德国哲学的重要性。德谟克利特的自然哲学由于局限于"实证科学"(经验知识)而致使"自我意识"的丢失与"自由"的逃离,因而难以达到真正的完善;伊壁鸠鲁却跳出了实证科学的藩篱而进入到"自我意识"的主观唯心主义立场上,最终获得了心灵的自由。与伊壁鸠鲁的自由观不同,马克思强调的是有外在约束与制约作用的"定在中的自由"。博士论文是青年马克思希望通过对自我的主体意识的强调来实现对当时的不自由的专制制度进行变革的愿望。这一文本是马克思早期思想发展阶段的重要构成部分,是青年马克思主观唯心主义立场的真实表现。
[Abstract]:The doctoral thesis of young Marx is an extremely important text in the course of Marx's ideological growth, and it is the premise for Marx to obtain a series of ideological achievements later.With the concern for human freedom and liberation, young Marx emphasized the importance and profundity of Epicurus' natural philosophy through the comparative study of Democritus's philosophy of nature and Epicurus' philosophy of nature.It highlights the importance of the free construction of subject self-consciousness in the history of ancient Greek philosophy, and thus further highlights the importance of the philosophy of self-consciousness of the youth Hegel school to the German philosophy at that time.Democritus's philosophy of nature is limited to "empirical science" (empirical knowledge), which leads to the loss of "self-consciousness" and the escape of "freedom", so it is difficult to achieve real perfection.However, Epicurus jumped out of the barrier of empirical science and entered the subjective idealism of "self-consciousness", and finally gained the freedom of mind.In contrast to Epicurus's view of freedom, Marx emphasized the "freedom in the middle" which had the function of external restraint and restriction.The doctoral thesis is the desire of young Marx to reform the unfree autocratic system by emphasizing the subjective consciousness of himself.This text is an important part of the early stage of Marx's ideological development and the true expression of young Marx's subjective idealism.
【作者单位】：南京大学哲学系;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金一般项目(14BZX010) 中国博士后科学基金第56批面上资助(2014M561636)
【分类号】：B03

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