生态翻译学视角下散文英译中译者适应性选择

发布时间：2016-10-19 14:35

Chapter One  Introduction

According  to professor Hu Gengshen, “translation is defined as  a selective activity of translator’s adaptation to the environment of translating” (Hu Gengshen,2004:219). Based on this definition, the thesis is dedicated to analyze and explain translator’s adaptive selection in C-E prose translating, taking an example of Selected Modern Chinese essays by Zhang Peiji. This chapter will give an introduction to the thesis, such as research background, objective of the thesis, significance of the study and structure of the thesis.  

1.1 Research Background 
At  the beginning of 21st century with the influence of ecological trend of thought in global background, Chinese scholar Hu Gengshen, as a trailblazer, in 2001 proposed a brand new translation theory—Eco-translatology. As a newly e merging Eco-translation paradigm of  translation,  enlightened  by Charles Darwin ’s  Natural  Selection  Theory  of  Evolution, Eco-translatology studies translation from ecological perspective. Professor Hu regarded the process  of translation as translator ’s  continuous  actions of  adaptation  and selection. W ith more  than ten years of developm ent,  Eco-translatology  has drawn much m ore  attention because of its novelty and specialty. Based on this theoretical framework, quite a number of articles  and papers have been accomplished.  All  of these prove that  Eco-translatology is gradually becoming a mature translation theory, therefore more applied studies are needed to strengthen and develop this new theory. Prose as an essential literary genre, occupies an equal position with poetry, fiction and drama. However, in literary translation, much attention has been focused on the translation of poetry,  fiction in China, and prose translation  draw  little a ttention  of  Chinese tra nslators. Meanwhile,  prose translation studies also ha ve  not been studied  thoroughly  and widely comparing with other literary translation studies. Based on this background the thesis comes up accordingly. 
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1.2 Objectives of the Thesis
The  thesis intends to exert Eco-translatological theory to analyze C-E prose translation so as to explore a new perspective to instruct translation practice. Based on Professor Hu’ s view,  the p rocess  of translating is  a con tinuous  process of transl ator’s  adaptation  and selection.  Accordingly,  this thes is  tries  to  interpret  translator’s  adaptive  selection in C-E prose translation process. As a good reference and guidance model for C-E prose translations, Zhang  Peiji’s  Selected  Modern  Chinese  Essays  is  a valuab le  treasure  in both lite rary  and translation  fields, for which not only introdu ces  a variety of classical works of Chinese famous writers to the world but also is well received by domestic and overseas readers and scholars for its high quality and standard. Based  on this reason the thesis takes case study on it owing to its typical and representative character.There fore, this thesis takes Selected Modern Chinese Essays as an example to analyze and interpret translator’s adaptive selection in  C-E prose translation. First, it tries to prove the  Eco-translatological feasib ility  in C-E prose translat ion  study through showing its explanatory power. Second, it intends to provide guidance in C-E prose translation practice by analyzing and pointing out vari ous translation methods of translator’s adaptive selection. Thus, a new perspective can be explored in C-E prose translation study.  
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Chapter Two   Literature Review 

2.1 Previous Study of Eco-translatology 
In  2001,  enlightened  by  Charles  Darwin’s  Natural  Selection  Theory  of  Evolution, professor Hu Gengshen proposed Eco-translatol ogy, which is an em erging Eco-translation paradigm  of translation. W ith  more  than te n  years of developm ent,  Eco-translatology has drawn  much  more  attention because  of its nove lty and specialty. This chapter will tak e a review of the studies on this  theory from both abroad and hom e, and the previous studies at home also can be divided into theoretical studies and applie d studies. In addition, a brief review on previous study on C-E prose translation will also be given.  With the influence of the global tre nd of ecological thought, translation scholars could not  avoid realizing th at  translation  had ecolo gical  principles,  such as “eco-env ironment”, “adaptation”  and “selection”. Som e  western schol ars  explained their re search  findings as follows: In  1988, Peter Newmark in his book A textbook of translation remarked that choices and decisions in translation were the whole research contents of translation theory in both the target language text and source language text. In his division of cultural intervention, he also used ecological features to describe translation (Peter Newmark,1988:95).In  1989, in her book The Art of Translation: Voices from the Field, Rosanna Warren, a famous  translation  theorist,  vividly  compared  the trans lation  action o f  literary  works  to plants or animals, because only adapting to the changed environment can they survive in the new places. Therefore in her point of view , translation is a kind of cognitiv e and survival mode (Warren,1989:6). 
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2.2 Previous Studies on Selected Modern Chinese Essays
Just as Zhao Jianzhong rem arked in Literary Style Study, prose is the m ost practical literary  style.  Every nation that has its own  language  and  literature must have its prose writing  (Zhao Jianzhong, 1990:41 1).  It indicates  that  prose has been  linked  closely with literature, resumed a place com parable to literature and lan guage. He also pointed out tha t “prose is a piece of literary and artistic writing, which is short and flexible depicting the truth and  facts, real m an  and true feelings  reflecting  uplifting them es”(Zhao Jianzhong, 1990:411).Fang  Qiu (2004:88) also mentioned that a real prose must fully and completely express the writer’s personality, sentiment, thoughts and spirit. According to J.A. Cuddon’s definition, “prose”  is an English word derived from Latin  “prosa”, with m eans  of “straigh t  forward discourse” equivalent to the  “essay”. Cuddon considered prose  as a direct, unadorned for m of language, written or spoken, in ordinary usage. It differs from poetry or verse in that it is not restricted in rhythm, measure or rhyme (Cuddon, 1979:26). All  of  these  talked  above  manifests  that  a real prose m ust  be true, its language is natural and direct. Based on their experiences, the writers show their subjective attitudes, real feelings and sentiments towards a person, a thing or a scene. 
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Chapter Three  Theor etical Framework ......... 14 
3.1 A Brief Introduction to Eco-translatology ..... 14 
3.1.1 The Origin and Development of Eco-translatology ......... 14 
3.1.2 Theoretical Paradigm: Translation as Adaptation and Selection ....... 16 
3.2 Main Concepts of Eco-translatology ...... 17 
3.3  The Feasibility of Analyzing C-E Pros e  Translation  from...... 20 
Chapter Four  Methodology ..... 21 
4.1 Research Questions ......... 22 
4.2 Research Materials .... 22 
4.3 Research Procedures ....... 23 
Chapter  Five  T ranslator’s  Adaptive  Selection  from  the Perspective...... 24 
5.1 Translational Eco-environment of Selected Modern Chinese Essays ..... 25 
5.2 Translator’s Adaptation to the Translational Eco-environment ........ 26 
5.3 Translator’s Adaptive Selection of Three Dimensional Transformation .... 29
5.4 Translator’s Selection for Translation Methods in Three Dimensions ......... 48 
5.5 Summary ....... 50 

Chapter Six   Translator’s Adaptive Selection from the Perspective of Eco-translatology

This chapter is the m ain body of the wh ole thesis. Firstly, translator’s adaptation to translational eco-environment will be discussed and then exemplifications will be presented to show translator’s adaptive selections in three dimensions.As tr anslation  is  a se lective  activity  of  translator’s  adaptation  to the tran slational environment, C-E prose translation can be interpreted as: the process of C-E prose translation is  the result of translator ’s  adaptive  selection  of three dim ensions  based on translator ’s adaptation to the trans lational Eco-environment. Therefore the following will analyze and interpret  the  translating  of  Selected  Modern  Chinese  Essays  from  three aspects.First, translational Eco-environment, as a decisive f actor, should be explained and presented so as to  get a clear understanding of it. Second, tr anslator’s  bilingual  competence  and his motivation  for  translation  needs to be illus trated  so  that  translator’s  adaptation  to th e translational Eco-environment from a macro level before translating could be proved. This is an  important  foundation  for successful transla tion. Third, during translation process, from micro  level, tran slator  also  has to adapt  to,  coordinate and bala nce  the  translational Eco-environment from linguistic, cultural and communicative dimensions both in source text and in target text. On this basis, the translator’s selections from three dimensions in different levels and aspects to meet this requirement will also be explored and analyzed. It is deserved to  be m entioned  that the thesis f ocuses  on tr anslator’s  adaptive  selection  so tr anslator’s adaptation is described as a foundation .   

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Conclusion 

As a new Chinese hom e-grown translation theory, Eco-translatology is a system atic discourse  of translation theory ,  which enables China to have its own original academ ic discourse  system  with independent intellectua l  property right, so th at  scholars of our translation field can make equal dialogue with other countries.  Hu Gengshen maintains that Eco-translatology can be used to describe tr anslation  phenomenon,  to interpret  translation activity  and  also  to  instruct  translation  practice.  Therefore  the theo ry  has f easibility  and operability. The description and explanation on  translation activity and text processing from an operational level are the foundation of Eco-translatological survival and development (Hu Gengshen,2013:300). The thesis has three major findings as follows: First, it is p rofessor Zhang Peiji’s adaptive selection that makes his ver sion excellent and  refined,that is to say ,  a good C-E pros e  translation m ust  have  a holistic degree of adaptation and selection. Second, the thesis also indicates that Ec o-translatology can provide guidance for C-E prose translation practice, because translator  could select various translation methods based on his adaptation. Third,  as an applied study ,  the thesis  has  proved that the  Eco-translatological feasibility in C-E prose translation study through showing its explanatory power in analyzing process.  Eco-translatology  could be a new pers pective  to  describe,  interpret,  analyze  and explain translation process and translation activity for C-E prose translation.  
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