恩施文昌祠的雕刻艺术研究

发布时间：2019-03-25 12:27

【摘要】：论文以恩施文昌祠为研究对象,重点研究了文昌祠的雕刻艺术。论文结合恩施古城的自然地理环境和历史演变过程,探析文昌祠的空间布局与当地传统民居的联系,并在此基础上着重考察分析文昌祠内的牌坊,石雕,木雕等雕刻作品的形制特点及其表达的审美内涵,从而达到人们对当地历史文化遗产的保护和传承。全文首先介绍文昌祠的历史演变过程。文昌祠源于明代,兴盛于清代,最初为读书人祭祀文昌帝君之所,而后文人汇集于此,此地逐渐成为文化中心,是恩施文化兴盛、繁荣的标志。全文分析了文昌祠建筑空间布局的特点。建筑结构是典型的木框架结构。建筑布局上坐北朝南,“负阴抱阳”,体现了传统“风水”的营造理念。特别是介绍了文昌祠内的牌坊,石雕,木雕等雕刻艺术。集中体现了工匠们精巧的构思,细腻的技巧,雕刻手法多种多样,除了雕刻工艺,还融合了书法、绘画等其他传统艺术。石雕装饰风格迥异,放刀直取,不拘常规,工匠将中国传统绘画的线性元素融入到雕刻中,提炼形体、归纳形体、表现形体,使形体显得更加朴质。木雕作品因材施技,以合适的木料表现多样的雕刻形式,将材质对主题的表现塑造得美轮美奂,既有儒道佛文化的神韵,也具市井文化的精神。最后研究文昌祠的审美特征,其建筑美感既有外部美又有内在美。文昌祠建筑的平面布局既沿袭传统建筑的风格又蕴含民族特征,体现了汉族和土家族文化的融会贯通。文昌祠的雕刻作品,充分表达出独有的和谐之美、淳朴之美、形体之美以及精神之美。自然和谐之美,不仅仅是有美学层面的价值,更是朴素、自然、和谐的哲学思想的反映。纯真质朴之美,即雕刻艺术的创作动力是源自民众的自我意识和愿望,由自身生活的需要,自觉性展开。而结构形式之美,是工匠因材施艺,追求大刀阔斧的拙情,亦包涵精雕细琢的才情,保留雕刻作品自身的气势与神韵。精神内涵之美,是指雕刻作品寄托了民众的幻想、理想和信仰。文昌祠的雕刻艺术,具有厚重深刻的历史文化,独具魅力的地域文化,既是恩施历史发展的见证者,也是恩施民间雕刻艺术的浓缩,同时也是土家族文化的载体和标志。其蕴含的历史、艺术、精神文化需要珍视、保护和继承。
[Abstract]:Taking Enshi Wenchang Temple as the research object, this paper focuses on the carving art of Wenchang Temple. Combining with the natural geographical environment and historical evolution of Enshi ancient city, this paper analyzes the relationship between the spatial layout of Wenchang Temple and local traditional dwellings, and on this basis, focuses on the investigation and analysis of the arches and stone sculptures in Wenchang Temple. In order to protect and inherit the local historical and cultural heritage, the forms and features of wood carving and other sculptures and their aesthetic connotation are expressed. This paper first introduces the historical evolution of Wenchang Temple. The Wenchang Temple originated in the Ming Dynasty and flourished in the Qing Dynasty. It was originally a place for readers to sacrifice the emperor Wenchang, and then the literati gathered here. This place gradually became a cultural center and a symbol of the prosperity and prosperity of Enshi culture. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the architectural space layout of Wenchang Temple. The building structure is a typical wooden frame structure. The architectural layout of the north and south, "negative Yin hugged Yang", reflects the traditional "feng shui" concept of construction. In particular, the Wenchang Temple in the archery, stone carving, wood carving and other carving art. It embodies the craftsmen's ingenious ideas, delicate skills, various carving techniques, in addition to carving techniques, but also combined calligraphy, painting and other traditional art. Stone carving adornment style is very different, put the knife straight, regardless of conventional, craftsman will Chinese traditional painting linear elements into carving, refine the form, induce the form, show the form, make the form appear more simple. Wood carving works according to their skills, with suitable wood to show a variety of engraving forms, the material of the theme of the performance of beautiful, not only the charm of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism culture, but also has the spirit of market culture. Finally, the aesthetic characteristics of Wenchang Temple are studied, its architectural beauty has both external beauty and internal beauty. The plane layout of Wenchang Temple not only follows the style of traditional architecture but also contains the national characteristics, which reflects the integration of Han and Tujia cultures. The engraving works of Wenchang Temple fully express the unique beauty of harmony, simplicity, form and spirit. The beauty of natural harmony is not only the aesthetic value, but also the reflection of the simple, natural and harmonious philosophical thought. The pure and simple beauty, that is, the creation motive force of sculpture art is derived from the self-consciousness and desire of the people, from the needs of their own life, self-conscious unfolding. And the beauty of the structure form, is the craftsman according to the aptitude, pursues the bold and bold feeling, also contains the fine-cut talent, preserves the engraving work's own momentum and the charm. The beauty of spiritual connotation refers to the engraving works which conjure up the people's fantasies, ideals and beliefs. The carving art of Wenchang Temple is not only the witness of Enshi's historical development, but also the enrichment of Enshi's folk carving art, as well as the carrier and symbol of Tujia culture. Its history, art, spirit and culture need to be cherished, protected and inherited.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：J305

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