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发布时间：2018-02-12 11:04

本文关键词： 日本动漫御宅族生活方式人类学　出处：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：文化人类学把人们的生活方式作为文化研究的主要内容，文化分析就是阐明一种特殊的生活方式以及这种生活方式隐含或外显的意义和价值。在本文中，御宅族的生活方式指的是御宅族的衣食住行、休闲娱乐方式、消费方式、人际互动方式，以及反映在生活方式中的态度、价值观或世界观等。动漫御宅族是伴随动漫文化以及现代资讯手段的快速发展而出现的一个独特的社会群体。御宅族与众不同的生活方式创造了各种独特的文本、符号、象征及意义，并催生了动漫亚文化的产生，动漫亚文化是一种生活方式文化。日本作为世界第一大动漫强国，其动漫文化的影响远及世界各国。与此相应，日本御宅族的生活方式、行为方式和审美观也是包括中国在内的其他国家御宅族效仿的模版。中国作为日本的邻国，20世纪八、九十年代日本动漫传入中国后，日本动漫文化以及日本御宅族的生活方式、思维及行为方式对中国年轻一代产生了深远的影响。本文以日本御宅族这一亚文化群体为研究对象，采用人类学田野调查和文献研究相结合的方法，综合运用人类学、文化社会学及媒体人类学的相关理论，对御宅族的生活方式、思维及行为方式进行深度描述，在此基础上，从文化整体论的视角出发，探析御宅族的生活方式和行为模式背后的意义和价值系统。以期增进对御宅族这一亚文化群体的了解，以及对这一文化现象所承载的知识形式和文化特征的理解。本文的理论意义表现在：从研究视角而言，通过对动漫文化及御宅族相关研究的文献回顾发现，，在这一研究领域中，鲜见人类学、民族学的研究成果。国内学者多是从传播学、心理学和文化产业等方面探讨相关话题，尚未发现从人类学视角对日本御宅族生活方式的深入、系统研究。因而，本文的研究，可以拓展人类学的研究领域和研究内容。从研究方法而言，除了直接接触调查对象搜集第一手资料之外，由于御宅族的主要活动场域是虚拟网络空间，因而，需要将网络作为另一种田野，参与到与御宅族的互动和交流之中，突破人类学田野调查的现场观察和面对面访谈的局限，创新了人类学的研究方法。本文的实践意义表现在：通过对当代日本御宅族生活方式的深入研究，能够对御宅族研究起到正本清源的作用，为中国的动漫文化研究和御宅族研究提供一定的借鉴。对御宅族这一亚文化群体的关照，也助于对文化多样性的理解。本文的主体内容由绪论、正文五章和结语三部分组成。绪论部分介绍本文的选题目的与选题意义、国内外研究现状、研究内容与研究方法、创新之处，并对相关概念和术语进行界定和解释。第一章梳理和介绍作为本文分析背景的日本动漫的产生及发展历程，并对日本动漫的基本特征、日本动漫的传播形式和传播渠道进行概括和分析。第二章对动漫御宅族的概念进行辨析、界定。厘清御宅族与普通动漫爱好者的异同，分析御宅族产生的主、客观因素。第三章首先，分析御宅族群体内外对其形象的认识和评价；其次，在实地调查的基础上，对御宅族的语言使用、审美取向、恋爱、衣着装扮等进行深入阐述；再次，以网络田野和实地田野工作相结合的方法，对御宅族在虚拟空间和现实生活中人——机——人、人——人等特殊的交流互动方式进行分析研究；最后，通过实地调查，重点考察东京秋叶原、池袋乙女路和鹫宫町等三个主要的御宅族圣地，揭示御宅族对圣地的依存和圣地因御宅族而繁盛的过程与原因。第四章在对角色扮演概念进行界定，对角色扮演的缘起和发展、角色扮演的具体过程进行梳理和描述的基础上，对秋叶原女仆餐厅和乙女路执事餐厅这两个因角色扮演行为而包含大量动漫元素的场所进行深入的田野调查，探究御宅族在现实生活中追求二次元文化，渴望融入动漫世界的原因和过程。第五章从文化人类学和文化社会学等相关学科的视角，对御宅族的身份特征、御宅族生活方式的意义系统及其追求意义的途径等进行尝试性分析和阐述。结语部分对正文的主要内容进行逻辑层面的概括、提炼，深入阐述笔者的研究主旨及研究结论，并提出了有待进一步研究的问题。本文的主要观点是：首先，御宅族生活方式的最大特点表现为生活融入动漫，动漫融入生活。与动漫相融合的生活方式是动漫亚文化的表征。动漫文化内化于御宅族的价值追求和审美取向，外显于御宅族的生活方式与行为方式。其次，动漫御宅族生活方式的意义，表层是对风格、个性的塑造和张扬，快感的获得；深层的意义在于自我身份的建构与表达，在于自我认同和群体认同的实现。第三，日本御宅族群体经过几十年的发展，御宅族文化已经成为具有重要影响力的社会亚文化，并不断向社会主流文化渗透。在以互联网为主导的新媒介时代，御宅族与由大众传媒主导的文化消费模式之间是一种互动的、相互博弈的过程，在此过程中，各取所需，相互依存。第四，御宅族是商业社会和知识经济时代的产物，动漫亚文化是当代社会多元文化的重要组成部分，御宅族的存在是社会活力的表现形态之一，但同时，御宅族对动漫的迷恋表现出一定的过度性，御宅族群体内部的自我认知和群体外部的观感存在一定的差异性。
[Abstract]:Cultural anthropology put people's way of life as the main content of cultural studies, cultural analysis is to clarify the meaning and value of a special way of life and the way of life is implicit or explicit. In this paper, otaku lifestyle refers to otaku 11nov07, leisure entertainment, consumption, way interpersonal interaction, and reflected in the way of life attitude, values and world view.
Anime otaku is a unique social group which appeared with the rapid development of animation culture and modern information techniques. The out of the ordinary otaku lifestyle to create a variety of unique text, symbol, symbol and meaning, and spawned anime subculture, animation sub culture is a way of life in Japan. As the world's largest animation power, influence the animation culture far and countries around the world. Accordingly, the Japanese otaku lifestyle, behavior style and aesthetic Chinese also includes other countries, otaku follow the template. Chinese as Japan's neighbours, twentieth Century eight, 90s to China Japanese animation, Japanese animation Japanese otaku culture and way of life, thinking and behavior had a profound impact on the young generation China.
In this paper, the Japanese otaku subculture group as the research object, using the methods of anthropological fieldwork and literature study, the integrated use of cultural anthropology, sociology and Anthropology of media related theories of otaku lifestyle, thinking and behavior in depth description, on this basis, starting from the overall culture on the view, behind the life style and behavior mode of otaku, the meaning and value of the system. In order to promote the otaku subculture community understanding, understanding and knowledge of the form of this cultural phenomenon and cultural characteristics.
The theoretical significance of this paper shows: from the perspective of research, through the relevant research of animation culture and otaku literature review found that, in this field, few research achievements of anthropology, ethnology. Domestic scholars from the dissemination of science, psychology and cultural industries to explore related topics, research from the system has not been found from the perspective of anthropology deeply, on the life style of Japanese otaku. Therefore, this research can expand the research field and content of anthropology. From the research methods, in addition to direct contact with the survey to collect first-hand information, the main activities of otaku field is a virtual network space, therefore, need to use the Internet as the other a field, and to participate in the otaku interaction and communication, field observation and field investigation of anthropology through face-to-face interview limitations, innovative Anthropology Research methods.
In this paper, the practical significance of performance: through in-depth study of contemporary Japanese otaku lifestyle, to a radical effect on otaku research, provide a reference for the research and study of otaku anime culture Chinese. On this otaku subculture community care, also contribute to the cultural diversity understand.
The main content of this article is composed of the introduction, the five chapter of the text and the three part of the conclusion.
The introduction part introduces the purpose and significance of the topic selection, the research status quo at home and abroad, the research contents and research methods, and the innovation, and defines and explains the related concepts and terms.
The first chapter combs and introduces the emergence and development process of Japanese animation as the background of this paper, and summarizes and analyzes the basic characteristics of Japanese animation, the form and channel of Japanese animation.
The second chapter on the concept of anime otaku are defined. To clarify the similarities and differences of discrimination, and ordinary otaku anime fans, the main analysis of otaku, objective factors.
The third chapter, analysis of otaku groups inside and outside the understanding and evaluation of its image; secondly, on the basis of field investigation, the otaku language, aesthetic orientation, love, dress etc. in detail; again, with a combined method of network field and field work, the otaku in virtual space and real life human machine, analysis and study of person - special communication way; finally, through on-the-spot investigation, focusing on Tokyo road and Akihabara, Ikebukuro Otome washimiya three main otaku otaku shrine of the holy land, reveals the interdependence and the holy land for otaku and the prosperous process and reasons.
The fourth chapter defines the concept of role playing, the origin and development of the role based, describe and analyze the role of the specific process, in-depth field investigation of Akihabara maid restaurant and the restaurant of the two deacons Otome road for role playing behavior and contains a large number of animation elements, explore otaku pursuit two dimensional culture in real life, looking into the causes and process of animation in the world.
The fifth chapter from the related discipline of cultural anthropology and sociology perspective, the identity of otaku otaku lifestyle, meaning system and sense of the pursuit of ways to analysis and elaboration.
In the epilogue, the main contents of the text are summarized logically, refining the author's research purpose and conclusions, and putting forward some problems to be further studied.
The main points of this article are as follows:
First of all, the biggest characteristic of otaku lifestyle for life into the animation, animation and animation integration into the life. The way of life is the characterization of anime subculture. The value pursuit of animation culture into otaku and aesthetic orientation, explicit to otaku life style and behavior.
Secondly, anime otaku lifestyle, the surface is on style, personality shaping and publicity, pleasure; deep meaning lies in the construction and expression of self identity lies in the realization of self identification and group identification.
Third, Japanese otaku group after decades of development, otaku culture has become a social sub culture has an important influence, and continue to penetrate the social mainstream culture. On the Internet as the leading new media era, otaku and dominated by mass media and consumer culture is a kind of interactive mode between the process. The game, in this process, interdependence. Each one takes what he needs.
Fourth, otaku is a product of the commercial society and the knowledge economy era, anime subculture is an important part of contemporary multicultural society, otaku is one of the forms of social vitality, but at the same time, the anime otaku obsessed with showing over some of the otaku group internal self cognition and group the external perception of the existence of certain differences.

【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：C912.4;C912.6

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