当前戏曲动漫的媒介形态研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 15:07

本文选题：媒介四定律 + 戏曲　；参考：《河南大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国戏曲历史悠久,具有鲜明的民族特色,在百花齐放的文化艺术生态格局中独树一帜。然而时移世易,传统戏曲的当代发展既面临着挑战也存在着机遇。一方面,伴随着生活节奏加快和外来文化的冲击,新兴文化形态层出不穷,大众审美趣味在不断改变,作为一种以口传身授为主的综合性舞台表演艺术,传统戏曲的生存空间日益被压缩,成为边缘化的娱乐方式。另一方面,戏曲艺术经历了从原生态群体传播到大众媒体传播的变迁,媒介技术的变革和发展使戏曲传播方式逐渐多样化,为戏曲艺术的传承与传播构建了多元化的可视平台,也为戏曲与动漫的结合提供了可能。从动漫的艺术属性来看,生动活泼的动漫形象对人们有直接的吸引力,丰富包容的创意表现培养着人们的审美能力;从动漫的技术属性来看,动漫有着多元化的发行和传播载体,逐渐形成了一个开放而具有强大传播合力的传播系统;从动漫的产业属性来看,动漫元素的成功运用和动漫营造的视觉狂欢逐渐扩延着动漫的受众群体,动漫文化呈现大众化趋势,促进着动漫产业的发展。戏曲与动漫存在趋同的娱乐性、故事性、写意性、程式化表现性,结合传播途径的多样性带来戏曲动漫的发展契机,使戏曲动漫成为一种集艺术性与观赏性于一体、传统与时尚相结合、戏曲文化与动漫文化共生发展的新兴艺术形式。随着读图时代的到来,观看与被观看成为日常生活重要的组成部分,动漫作为戏曲文化传播的新媒介,在视觉文化的传达中具有得天独厚的优势,为传统戏曲提供影像化生存路径,增加戏曲被观看的机会。戏曲的传统传播方式中,传播主体直接面对观众,这种亲身传播的方式使得传受双方的互动性较强,但受戏曲时空传播和观众接受能力的限制,戏曲艺术并没有形成大规模传播;戏曲的动漫化传播方式中,传统戏曲融合数字媒体技术,大众传媒突破了戏曲传播的时空限制,虽然戏曲艺术更加贴近观众的感官需求,但媒介形式的多样化消解了戏曲传播的唯一性,此时的戏曲呈现使传受双方直接交流的现场感大大减弱。机械复制式存在的戏曲动漫遮蔽着以口传身授为主要传承方式的戏曲艺术。从理解媒介的角度来看,戏曲的动漫化传播使戏曲的传统传播方式成为一种艺术。戏曲与动漫的交织再现的是在戏曲原生功能不断消解的环境下戏曲符号的变异化生存,倚动漫之躯,戏曲艺术从过时的阴影中回归大众视野,使戏曲符号和动漫符号在重新的排列组合中实现各自功能的异延。戏曲符号与动漫符号的文化共生需要文化情感和集体记忆作用下大规模而持续的社会参与,同时,二者的结合会创生出新的情感基础和集体记忆。戏曲动漫的传播形式在不断演变,直到戏曲动漫剧的出现,在戏曲价值与动漫语汇的平衡中,动漫作为辅助媒介传播着戏曲艺术,戏曲艺术以崭新的面貌渐渐回归舞台。动漫与戏曲艺术结合产生放大、遮蔽、再现与逆转的媒介效应存在一个循环渐进式展开的过程,从戏曲动漫的整体发展趋势及其对现实社会产生的深远影响来看,戏曲动漫的创作者既要掌握专业的动漫制作技术还要懂戏,从不同的层次分析受众心理需求,通过定位于不同受众为目的进行戏曲题材、剧目的选择和动漫形象塑造、动态表现等形式的设计,实现对戏曲艺术的传播与接受。多层次受众与多种消费媒介的合理匹配逐步构建着戏曲动漫的产业链,通过创造戏曲动漫的民族品牌,促进戏曲动漫的消费与认同。总之,每个传播元素在戏曲动漫的媒介形态发展中都需要扮演积极的角色,这是戏曲动漫最好的时代,我们正确的态度就是去理解它,理解戏曲,理解动漫。
[Abstract]:Chinese opera has a long history and distinctive national characteristics, which is unique in the cultural and artistic ecological pattern of a hundred flowers. However, the contemporary development of the traditional opera is faced with both challenges and opportunities. On the one hand, with the rapid pace of life and the impact of foreign culture, the emerging culture forms emerge in endlessly, and the masses are aesthetical. As a kind of comprehensive stage performing art based on oral instruction, the living space of traditional opera is increasingly compressed and become marginalized entertainment. On the other hand, the art of opera has gone through the transformation from the original ecological group to the mass media, and the transformation and development of media technology make the opera disseminating party. Gradually diversification, for the inheritance and transmission of the art of opera, a diversified visual platform is constructed, and it is possible for the combination of opera and animation. From the artistic attribute of animation, the lively animation image has a direct attraction to the people. The rich and inclusive creative table shows people's aesthetic ability; from the animation technology. Attribute, the animation has a diversified distribution and dissemination carrier, gradually formed an open and powerful communication system. From the industrial properties of animation, the successful application of animation elements and the visual Carnival created by animation and animation gradually expand the audience group, and the animation culture presents a popular trend, promoting the trend of popularization. The development of the animation industry. The entertainment, the story, the freehand and the stylized expressiveness of the opera and the anime, bring the opportunity of the development of the opera animation with the diversity of the way of communication, and make the opera animation become a combination of art and ornamental, the combination of tradition and fashion, the development of the symbiotic development of opera culture and animation culture. With the coming of the era of reading drawing, watching and being watched become an important part of daily life. As a new medium for the communication of traditional opera culture, anime has a unique advantage in the communication of visual culture, which provides the image survival path for traditional opera and the opportunity to add opera to be watched. Traditional mode of communication of the Opera In the middle, the main body of the communication faces the audience directly, this kind of personal communication makes the communication between the two parties strong, but the opera art has not formed a large-scale communication due to the time and space transmission of the opera and the limitation of the audience's acceptance ability. In the animation transmission mode of the opera, the traditional opera combines digital media technology and the mass media has broken through the traditional opera. The time and space limitation of sowing, although opera art is more close to the audience's sensory needs, the diversification of the media forms the uniqueness of the opera, which reduces the scene sense of the direct communication between the two parties. From the perspective of the understanding of the media, the animated communication of the opera makes the traditional mode of communication of the opera a kind of art. The interweaving and reproduction of the opera and the animation is the variation of the drama symbol under the environment of the original function of the opera, which is dependent on the anime, and the opera art returns to the popular vision from the obsolete shadow. The cultural symbiosis between the drama symbol and the anime symbol requires a large and continuous social participation under the role of cultural emotion and collective memory, while the combination of the two will create a new emotional basis and collective memory. The evolution, until the emergence of the opera comic and animation drama, in the balance between the value of the opera and the anime vocabulary, the animation as an auxiliary medium spread the art of opera, and the art of opera is gradually returning to the stage with a brand new appearance. The overall development trend of the opera animation and its profound influence on the real society, the creator of the opera animation should not only grasp the professional animation production technology but also understand the drama, analyze the audience's psychological needs from different levels, and carry out the drama theme, the choice of the play and the animation image, and the dynamics of the animation. Performance and other forms of design to realize the spread and acceptance of the art of opera. A reasonable match between the multilevel audience and a variety of consumer media gradually builds the industrial chain of the opera animation, and promotes the consumption and identification of the opera animation by creating the national brand of the opera animation. In a word, each communication element is developed in the development of the media form of the opera animation. We all need to play a positive role. This is the best time for opera animation. Our correct attitude is to understand it, to understand opera and to understand anime.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：J954;G206

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