新课程背景下初中生作文语病现状研究
发布时间：2019-04-27 21:48
【摘要】：“文从字顺”是《全日制义务教育语文课程标准(实验稿)》和《义务教育语文课程标准(2011年版)》对初中生写作提出的基本要求,是学生正确理解和运用祖国语言文字的基本体现。历史上,在对中学生语文学习状况或语言运用情况的调查研究中，，作文语病频次往往是统计分析的重要维度,如1979年人民教育出版社中学学语文编辑室对中学生语文状况的调查、1997年北京市“中学生语言能力培养系统”课题调查组对在学中学生语言学习现状的调查以及1999年曹保平对北京市城区初中学生语言文字使用情况的调查,均考察了作文语病现象。在新课改已经进行十年的今天,在2011年版义务教育语文课程标准颁布之际,对初中生作文语病现象再次作出考察,不仅可以了解“新课标”中“文从字顺”这一写作目标的基本达成状况,从一个侧面了解到新课程背景下学生的语言运用现状,还可以从一个侧面反映中学语文教育的问题。 本研究共从北京市城区和郊区选取了3所层次不同的学校,对初一、初二年级11个教学班的180篇考场作文作了语料采集,共采集到语病2233例,其中初一年级1245例,初二年级988例。对这些语病进行了分类统计,并在此基础上作了定性分析；通过年级间和校际间的对比,对语病的产生情况作了较为系统的考察,并与历史研究进行了比较,从而对初中生作文语病现状有了较为深入的认识。 通过分析,发现在初中生作文的各类语病中,语法语病中的成分残余和语义语病中的词语使用不当(主要为虚词错用和词语错用)占总体比例最高,是初中生作文语病的主流。从初一到初二,学生作文语病频次整体呈下降趋势,但不同层次学校学生作文语病的产生情况有所不同。新课改前,有研究指出,初中阶段学生书面表达的语病以词语误用为主,初一至初二年级语病频次呈下降趋势。比较发现,新课程背景下初中生作文语病频次初一至初二年级仍呈下降趋势,但语法语病中的成分残余和语义语病中的词语使用不当共同构成了初中生作文语病的主流。 探求初中生作文语病的成因,发现作文语病的产生既受学生特定的言语发展水平的限制,也与自主修改意识缺失有关；教学中教师指导和教材编写方面的不足也是导致初中生作文产生语病的重要原因；同时,初中生的书面表达还受到了网络语言和漫画(动漫)语言的影响。 上述归因给中学语文教学带来一些启示。为减少学学生作文中的语病,对教师来说,要认识到语病具有不可避免性和可减消性以及学生作文语病的影响因素；对教学来说,要努力培养学生的语感,要教授“精要、好懂、管用”的语言知识,要切实落实作文修改环节；对教材编写来说,应呈现切实有用的语言知识,对作文修改作出方法上的指导。
[Abstract]:The Chinese Curriculum Standard for full-time compulsory Education (Experimental draft) and the Chinese Curriculum Standard for compulsory Education (2011 Edition) are the basic requirements for junior middle school students to write. It is the basic embodiment of students' correct understanding and use of the language and characters of the motherland. Historically, in the investigation and research of middle school students' Chinese learning condition or language use, the frequency of composition diseases is often an important dimension of statistical analysis. For example, in 1979, a survey of the situation of middle school students in the editorial Room of Chinese Studies of the people's Education Publishing House, In 1997, the investigation team of "training system of Middle School students' language competence" in Beijing investigated the current situation of middle school students' language learning in school and Cao Baoping's investigation on the use of language and characters of junior high school students in Beijing in 1999. All of them investigated the phenomenon of scribbling disease. Now that the new curriculum reform has been carried out for ten years, on the occasion of the promulgation of the 2011 edition of the Chinese Curriculum Standard for compulsory Education, the phenomenon of writing language disorders among junior middle school students has been re-examined. We can not only understand the basic achievement of the writing goal of "text from word order" in the New Curriculum Standard, but also understand the current situation of students' language use in the background of the new curriculum, and also reflect the problem of Chinese education in middle schools from a side. In this study, three schools with different levels were selected from the urban and suburban areas of Beijing, and the data were collected from 11 teaching classes in the first and second grade of junior high school. 2233 cases of language diseases were collected, of which 1245 were in the first year of junior high school, and 1245 were in the first year of junior high school. There are 988 cases in the second year of junior high school. On the basis of the classification and statistics of these diseases, the qualitative analysis is made. Through the comparison between grade and inter-school, this paper makes a systematic investigation on the occurrence of language diseases, and compares them with the historical research, so as to have a deeper understanding of the present situation of junior high school students' composition diseases. Through the analysis, it is found that in all kinds of diseases of composition of junior middle school students, the residual elements in the disease of language and the improper use of words in semantic diseases account for the highest proportion in the whole, and it is the mainstream of the diseases of composition in junior high school students. From the first year of junior high school to the second year of junior high school, the frequency of students' writing diseasesshowed a downward trend, but the occurrence of different levels of school students' writing maladies was different. Before the new curriculum reform, some research points out that the language diseases of junior middle school students' written expression are mainly misuse of words, and the frequency of language diseases in grade 1 to 8 of junior high school shows a decreasing trend. It is found that under the background of the new curriculum, the frequency of composition disorders in junior high school students is still decreasing from the first year of junior high school to the second grade of junior high school. However, the residual elements in the disease of grammar and the improper use of words in semantic diseases constitute the mainstream of the diseases of composition in junior middle school students. It is found that the formation of writing disorders is not only limited by the students' specific level of speech development, but also related to the lack of consciousness of self-revision. The shortage of teachers' guidance and textbook compilation in teaching is also an important cause of language illness in junior high school students' composition. At the same time, the written expression of junior high school students is also influenced by network language and cartoon (cartoon) language. The above attribution brings some enlightenment to middle school Chinese teaching. In order to reduce the language diseases in the students' composition, teachers should realize that the language diseases are inevitable and reducible, and the influencing factors of the students' composition diseases; As far as teaching is concerned, it is necessary to cultivate students' sense of language, to teach the language knowledge of "good understanding, good understanding and effective", and to carry out the revision of composition. For the compilation of teaching materials, practical and useful knowledge of language should be presented, and methodological guidance should be given to the revision of the composition.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G633.34
本文编号：2467333
[Abstract]:The Chinese Curriculum Standard for full-time compulsory Education (Experimental draft) and the Chinese Curriculum Standard for compulsory Education (2011 Edition) are the basic requirements for junior middle school students to write. It is the basic embodiment of students' correct understanding and use of the language and characters of the motherland. Historically, in the investigation and research of middle school students' Chinese learning condition or language use, the frequency of composition diseases is often an important dimension of statistical analysis. For example, in 1979, a survey of the situation of middle school students in the editorial Room of Chinese Studies of the people's Education Publishing House, In 1997, the investigation team of "training system of Middle School students' language competence" in Beijing investigated the current situation of middle school students' language learning in school and Cao Baoping's investigation on the use of language and characters of junior high school students in Beijing in 1999. All of them investigated the phenomenon of scribbling disease. Now that the new curriculum reform has been carried out for ten years, on the occasion of the promulgation of the 2011 edition of the Chinese Curriculum Standard for compulsory Education, the phenomenon of writing language disorders among junior middle school students has been re-examined. We can not only understand the basic achievement of the writing goal of "text from word order" in the New Curriculum Standard, but also understand the current situation of students' language use in the background of the new curriculum, and also reflect the problem of Chinese education in middle schools from a side. In this study, three schools with different levels were selected from the urban and suburban areas of Beijing, and the data were collected from 11 teaching classes in the first and second grade of junior high school. 2233 cases of language diseases were collected, of which 1245 were in the first year of junior high school, and 1245 were in the first year of junior high school. There are 988 cases in the second year of junior high school. On the basis of the classification and statistics of these diseases, the qualitative analysis is made. Through the comparison between grade and inter-school, this paper makes a systematic investigation on the occurrence of language diseases, and compares them with the historical research, so as to have a deeper understanding of the present situation of junior high school students' composition diseases. Through the analysis, it is found that in all kinds of diseases of composition of junior middle school students, the residual elements in the disease of language and the improper use of words in semantic diseases account for the highest proportion in the whole, and it is the mainstream of the diseases of composition in junior high school students. From the first year of junior high school to the second year of junior high school, the frequency of students' writing diseasesshowed a downward trend, but the occurrence of different levels of school students' writing maladies was different. Before the new curriculum reform, some research points out that the language diseases of junior middle school students' written expression are mainly misuse of words, and the frequency of language diseases in grade 1 to 8 of junior high school shows a decreasing trend. It is found that under the background of the new curriculum, the frequency of composition disorders in junior high school students is still decreasing from the first year of junior high school to the second grade of junior high school. However, the residual elements in the disease of grammar and the improper use of words in semantic diseases constitute the mainstream of the diseases of composition in junior middle school students. It is found that the formation of writing disorders is not only limited by the students' specific level of speech development, but also related to the lack of consciousness of self-revision. The shortage of teachers' guidance and textbook compilation in teaching is also an important cause of language illness in junior high school students' composition. At the same time, the written expression of junior high school students is also influenced by network language and cartoon (cartoon) language. The above attribution brings some enlightenment to middle school Chinese teaching. In order to reduce the language diseases in the students' composition, teachers should realize that the language diseases are inevitable and reducible, and the influencing factors of the students' composition diseases; As far as teaching is concerned, it is necessary to cultivate students' sense of language, to teach the language knowledge of "good understanding, good understanding and effective", and to carry out the revision of composition. For the compilation of teaching materials, practical and useful knowledge of language should be presented, and methodological guidance should be given to the revision of the composition.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G633.34
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 冯大伟;初中生作文语病调查及教学对策研究[D];山东师范大学;2013年
本文编号：2467333
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/wenyilunwen/dongmansheji/2467333.html
