基于FPGA的全彩色LED点阵显示屏控制器的设计

发布时间：2018-07-26 18:56

【摘要】：LED显示屏是由发光二极管点阵模块组成的大屏幕显示系统，，可以动态显示文字、图像和视频等信息，其使用寿命长，可靠性高，功耗低，亮度高，色彩丰富，已在工业、交通、商业广告、信息发布、体育比赛等领域得到了广泛的应用。本文的研究对象为全彩色LED点阵显示屏控制器，提出了一个基于FPGA的软件和硬件结合的控制器实现方案。该控制器主要包括以太网接口模块、FPGA控制模块、DDR缓存模块和LED驱动电路模块。上位机软件将信息源（文字、图像或视频）载入后将其通过网线发送到与其IP地址匹配的控制器。控制器上的以太网芯片将数据以帧形式传送到FPGA控制模块，该模块对接收的数据帧进行解码，并对图像数据进行γ反校正与位分离重组。DDR SDRAM的作用是为FPGA缓存数据。最终，待显示数据和控制信号被送到LED驱动电路，驱动LED屏进行显示。 FPGA控制模块的设计是LED显示屏控制器设计的核心内容，其功能模块有：GMII接口数据通信模块、γ反校正模块、位分离和重组模块、灰度级产生模块、DDR读写控制模块、扫描与驱动控制模块和时钟模块。 GMII接口数据通信模块实现以太网交换芯片与FPGA的GMII接口通信。 γ反校正模块采用查表映射法来实现数据的γ反校正。LED显示屏的灰度扫描按权重进行，因此γ反校正后的灰度数据需进行位分离和重组，采用横向存入和纵向读出的实现方案。灰度级产生模块用于产生256级灰度。 DDR读写控制模块包括读地址产生模块、写地址产生模块和读写控制模块。读地址产生模块按照颜色和权重来产生读地址，写地址产生模块按照颜色数据来产生灰度数据的存储目的地址，读写控制模块控制DDR存储器的读写操作。 LED扫描与驱动控制模块产生驱动控制信号并将图像数据送到驱动电路。时钟模块为相关模块产生所需的时钟信号。本文对全彩色LED点阵显示屏控制器的总体设计方案以及各模块的硬/软件设计进行了详细阐述，测试结果表明，该设计实现灵活，效果较好。
[Abstract]:LED display screen is a large screen display system composed of light-emitting diode lattice module. It can dynamically display information such as text, image and video. It has long service life, high reliability, low power consumption, high brightness, rich color, and has been used in industry and traffic. Commercial advertising, information release, sports competitions and other fields have been widely used. The research object of this paper is the full color LED lattice display screen controller. A controller based on FPGA is proposed, which combines software and hardware. The controller consists of Ethernet interface module, FPGA control module, DDR buffer module and LED driver circuit module. The host computer software loads the information source (text, image or video) and sends it through the network to the controller matching its IP address. The Ethernet chip on the controller transmits the data to the FPGA control module in the form of frame. The module decodes the received data frame, and recombines the image data with 纬 -inverse correction and bit separation. The function of the module is to cache the data for the FPGA. Finally, the data and control signal to be displayed are sent to the LED driver circuit to drive the LED screen for display. The design of the FPGA control module is the core of the design of the LED display screen controller. The function modules include: GMII interface data communication module, 纬 inverse correction module, bit separation and recombination module, gray level generation module and DDR read and write control module. Scan and drive control module and clock module. GMII interface data communication module. Ethernet switch chip communicates with GMII interface of FPGA. R inverse correction module uses table-lookup mapping method to realize data 纬- Inverse correction. LED screen grayscale scan according to the weight, So it is necessary to separate and recombine the gray level data after 纬 inversion, and adopt the scheme of horizontal storage and vertical readout. The DDR read and write control module includes read address generation module, write address generation module and read and write control module. The read address generation module generates the read address according to the color and weight, and the write address generation module generates the storage destination address of the gray data according to the color data. The read-write control module controls the read and write operation of DDR memory, and the LED scan and drive control module generates the driving control signal and sends the image data to the drive circuit. The clock module generates the required clock signal for the related module. In this paper, the overall design scheme of full-color LED lattice display screen controller and the hardware / software design of each module are described in detail. The test results show that the design is flexible and effective.
【学位授予单位】：南昌航空大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TN873;TN791

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