我国报纸导读研究

发布时间：2019-06-16 19:15

【摘要】：报纸导读,即在第一版以整版或开设窗口的方式,为方便读者迅速找到自己感兴趣的内容而设计的索引、提示等简要内容。报纸导读是随着“厚报时代”的到来而逐渐兴起的一种特殊形式。导读作为报纸自身的广告和展示其内容的窗口,在媒体竞争白热化的今天,对报业生存可谓关系重大。报纸导读的设置从无到有、从导读栏到导读版、从一个导读版发展到两个,起到了引导读者,促进报纸发行量上升的作用。正因为报纸导读的出现不仅给报纸头版带来了革命性的变化,而且对报社的经济效益也产生了影响。所以,越来越多的新闻从业人员结合自己的工作实践,开始研究报纸导读。但是,这些研究大多是针对其某一方面做研究或是对某份报纸的个案研究,因此,总的来说,现有的报纸导读研究不够全面、系统。对于报纸导读这种形式,看似简洁、明了,但事实上种类丰富。依据不同的划分标准,可分为多种类型。依据所占版面篇幅的大小,可分为窗口型和整版型;按报纸导读的形式划分,可分为标题型与图片型;依据标题型导读的不同形式,又可分为单式纯标题导读和复合式导读;依据内涵的不同,复合式导读又可分为提要式导读和提示式导读。笔者在翻阅大量报纸的基础上,得出:报纸导读这种形式早在上世纪30年代就已出现在我党机关报《红旗日报》上。在我国新闻史上,报业在相当长的一段时间内报刊不分,所以,在那一时期的报纸上经常可以看到类似书本目录的“目录”、“目次”、“要目”等内容,用以对报纸所登内容作提示。因此,这些“目录”可谓是我国报纸导读的雏形。本文按照报纸的发展,从总体上将报纸分成了两个大的时期:“薄报”期与“厚报”期。而后又根据报纸导读的发展情况,对这两个时期作了比较细致的划分,勾勒出了我国报纸导读的“发展史”。“薄报”时期,我国报纸导读由它的雏形发展而来,虽然在20世纪三十年代就真正出现了,但是受当时的政治形势影响,报纸导读并没有得到大范围的发展;“厚报”时期,先后受政治、经济形势的影响,我国报纸导读开始兴起并不断地发展、壮大,进而步入了繁荣时期。纵观整个报纸导读的发展史,它主要是受政治和经济的影响。虽然不同时期的报纸导读在特点方面有所偏差,但它作为报纸的一种特殊形式决定了它的特点具有“遗传性”——总体相似。只不过随着它的发展,特点更加趋于丰富。关于报纸导读的特点,本文通过大量的例子进行了总结。从编辑、形式方面看,具有灵活性、链接性、突显性、单一式标题使用最广泛等特点;从内容方面看,报纸导读不仅具有重要性,而且具有全面性与引导性。因此,报纸导读是出现在报纸上的一种特殊形式。作为一种“新生事物”,它有别于标题新闻和新闻导读。报纸导读之所以能够兴起乃至繁荣,不仅根源于政治、经济形势的发展,而且与网络时代这一特殊的历史大背景有着极其重要的关系。1979年年初,中央有关部门批准了《人民日报》等几家报纸试行“事业单位、企业化管理”经营方针的报告,从此,我国传媒产业走上了产业化之路。1984年,是我国经济体制改革的重要一年,也是从这一年起,我国的报业开始了飞速发展,传媒产业化发展也进入了一个新的阶段。随着我国报业产业化的发展,我国报纸逐渐“变厚”进而步入“厚报”时代。“厚报”虽有效地解决了报纸信息供给不足的问题,但却带来了阅读的不便。而且报纸产业作为一种商业性较强的产业,想要做大做强,得到进一步的发展,必须从信息经营、广告经营、发行经营、印刷经营、资本经营等各项经营活动入手。因此,报纸导读便是“厚报”时代各方的共同选择。随着互联网的兴起,人类所步入的网络时代,虽然给报业的发展带来了巨大的挑战,但同时也为报业的发展提供了机遇。报纸与网络之间的竞争,也是导读兴起的重要原因之一。除此之外,媒介之间融合的趋势,使得媒体之间能互相借鉴对手的优势,这也为报纸导读的兴起提供了可能。报纸导读的存在对当今报业的发展具有重要意义。首先,报纸导读增强了报纸的可读性,提高了报纸的竞争力;其次,报纸导读扩充了头版信息量,吸引读者购买;再次,报纸导读促进报纸发行量的提升,保证报社的双重效益。正因为报纸导读有如此之多的优势,所以,报纸导读这种形式出现在越来越多的报纸上。但随着它的“普及”,各种问题不可避免的出现了。因为报纸导读所处位置的特殊性以及本身所具有的引导性,所以从某种意义上来说,它是报纸的二度“议程设置”。这一特殊的角色决定了在实际操作中,报纸导读的制作应该有比较严格的标准,尽量做到规范化。虽然我国报纸导读在发展中出现了一些问题,但作为处在发展期的事物,出现问题是很正常的。基于报纸导读的存在具有重要意义,所以我们应该规范报纸导读的制作。当然具体到如何制作,这并不是本篇论文所能承载的。由于各种客观条件的限制,本文所讨论的我国报纸导读并没有涉及港澳台的报纸,仅指我国大陆地区的报纸。
[Abstract]:The paper reads, that is, in the first edition, in the form of a whole or a window, for the convenience of the reader to quickly find the contents of the content of interest, the index, the prompt and the like. The reading of newspaper is a special form that gradually rises with the arrival of the "the age of thick newspaper". As a window of newspaper's own advertisement and display of its content, it is of great significance to the newspaper's survival in the day of the media competition. The setting of newspaper guide is from scratch to reading, from one guide to two, to guide the reader and to promote the increase of the circulation of the newspaper. The emergence of the newspaper's guide has not only revolutionized the front page of the newspaper, but also has an impact on the economic benefits of the newspaper. As a result, more and more news practitioners, in conjunction with their own work practices, have begun to study newspaper guides. Most of these studies, however, are studies on one aspect of the study or case studies of a particular newspaper, and, in general, the existing paper-guided studies are not comprehensive and systematic. in that form of a newspaper guide, it appears to be simple and clear, but in fact the kind Rich. According to different division criteria, it can be divided into a variety of Type. According to the size of the space occupied, it can be divided into window type and full version type; it can be divided into title type and picture type according to the form of newspaper guide reading; according to the different forms of title type guide reading, it can be divided into single type pure title guide reading and compound guide reading; according to the connotation in addition, that compound guide read can be divided into a feed type guide read and a prompt type, The author, on the basis of reading a large number of newspapers, came to the conclusion that the reading of the newspaper has appeared in the newspaper of our Party as early as the 1930s. In the press history of our country, the newspaper has been in a fairly long period of time without distinction, so the newspaper in that period can often see the "Table of Contents", the "Visual", the "to order" and so on, which is similar to the book directory, which is used to read the newspaper The contents are prompt. Therefore, these "Table of Contents" are the newspapers of our country The paper is based on the development of the newspaper, and the paper divides the paper into two big periods in general: the "thin newspaper" and the "thick newspaper" "history of development" of the newspaper guide in our country is outlined. In the period of "thick paper", the reading of the newspaper in our country came from its rudiment, although it really appeared in the 1930 's, but under the influence of the political situation at that time, the reading of the newspaper did not get a large scale of development. The influence of the situation, the beginning of the reading of the newspaper in our country and the development and expansion of our country's newspaper, Throughout the period of prosperity, and throughout the history of the entire newspaper guide, it is dominated by politics and The effect of the economy on the characteristics of the newspaper in different periods, but it is a special form of the newspaper, and it has the "Hereditary" of its characteristics. It's similar. It's just as it's developed, it's more In addition to the characteristics of newspaper-guided reading, this paper is through a great deal of The examples are summarized. From the perspective of editing, form, it has the characteristics of flexibility, linking, highlighting, and the most extensive use of a single title; in terms of content, the reading of a newspaper is not only of importance, but also It is comprehensive and guided. Therefore, newspaper reading is in the newspaper A special form. As a kind of "new things", it is different from the standard The reason of the rise and even the prosperity of the newspaper guide is not only the development of the political and economic situation but also the special historical background of the network age. In the beginning of 1979, the central authorities approved a report from the People's Daily and other newspapers on a pilot "The management of public institutions and enterprises" management policy. From then on, the media industry of our country has embarked on the road of industrialization. In 1984, it was an important year for the reform of the economic system of our country, and since that year, I The newspaper of the country began to develop rapidly, and the media industrialization The exhibition also entered a new stage. With the development of the industry of the newspaper industry in our country, the newspaper of our country gradually "thicken" into the "trunk>" then newspap The "thick newspaper" has effectively solved the problem of insufficient supply of newspaper information But also brings the inconvenience of reading, and the newspaper industry, as a commercial and strong industry, wants to do a great job and is further developed, and must be operated from information, advertising, issuing, printing, operating and capital. So, the newspaper guide is" trunk> "then newspaper" "pan" , all kinds of problems are inevitable. Because of the particularity of the position of the newspaper guide and the guiding nature of itself, in a sense, it is the second-degree of the newspaper, "Agena S" The special role determines that in actual operation, the production of newspaper guide should have a ratio There are some problems in the development of China's newspaper guide, but as a place In the development period, problems are normal. The existence of newspaper-based reading is of great importance. Well, that's why we should standardize the production of newspaper guides, of course. This is not the result of this paper. Because of the limitations of various objective conditions, the paper is not related to the port of the newspaper in our country.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G213

【共引文献】