张爱玲小说的大众文化取向

发布时间：2019-07-02 15:57

【摘要】：民国时期的上海，虽然是帝国主义势力控制的半殖民地城市，但是却创生了中国现代史上一个史无前例的繁荣空间，成为了与纽约、巴黎、柏林等同步的全球都市，被视为具有吸引力的现代商业、工业和娱乐中心，同时亦形成了一个特殊的文化空间。从鲁迅、茅盾等知名左翼作家到追求都市奇观的新感觉派作家；从大批闪耀于上海滩的电影明星和影像经典到顾盼窈窕的各式月份牌女郎，从女性时装的风靡到民国上海广告的摩登……这一切在很大程度上，透递出彼时上海都市文化的混杂性，既有感受民族国家危机的激进主义或共产主义文化，也有痴迷十里洋场之都市梦幻的消费主义或享乐主义文化。1920年出生于上海的张爱玲，其多数作品均以上海作为书写对象，，其作品不可避免地呈示出彼时上海都市文化的特质。 “大众文化”虽然作为明确的理论概念，是学界在1980年代引入中国的，但是大众文化所具有的商品化或市场化、复制性、世俗性、追求娱乐性、感官性等基本特征，在上海已然具备了催生和滋育的土壤，并切实形成了具备大众文化特质的诸多文化形态。正是基于此，本文以“大众文化”作为理论视野来观照张爱玲的作品，探掘张爱玲作品中具备的大众文化的质素，是顺理成章亦是切实可行的。张爱玲小说受着上海都市商业文化的极度浸染，其作品风靡，与大众媒介的助推与知名文学评论家的捧场密不可分，这正是大众文化追求商品化与市场化的恰切体现。《小团圆》出版神话，便是适例。张爱玲小说试图跨越精英文化与市民文化之间的界限，彰显浓郁的世俗情怀。在书写世俗日常生活的同时，亦蕴含着对人生境遇的悲凉思考，表现出雅俗交融的艺术效果，语言上也是文白交错，可读性堪佳，以女性视域书写对男权的反叛更富感官性，上述特征在《倾城之恋》中均有不同程度的呈现。影视是大众文化的重要产品，其图像化的叙事策略是大众文化追求娱乐性的核心理念。张爱玲小说极力营构“画面感”，并借助电影“蒙太奇”的手法，叙述方式也空间化。这些“影视化”特征，为小说增加了更多地视觉娱乐性色彩，《色·戒》实乃视觉盛宴手法之集大成者。最后需要指出的是，正是张爱玲小说具有大众文化的诸多质素，人们在阅读接受张爱玲的小说时，走向了浅薄庸俗化解读路径，而忽视了张爱玲小说隐藏着的式微破落的颓势，对私人生活关注，对价值的嘲弄与颠覆，以及对人性近乎残酷的解剖等富有思想质地的维度，这是值得警惕的。
[Abstract]:In the period of the Republic of China, while it is a semi-colonial city under the control of the imperialist forces, it has created an unprecedented prosperity space in the modern history of China, and has become a global city, such as New York, Paris, Berlin, etc., and is regarded as an attractive modern business. The industrial and entertainment center also forms a special cultural space. From the well-known left-wing writers, such as Lu Xun and Mao Dun, to the new feeling of the pursuit of the city's wonders, from a large number of movie stars and images of the Shanghai beach to a variety of mooners, from the fashion of women to the modern Shanghai advertisement. in a great extent, that mix of Shanghai's urban culture, which has both the radicalism or the communist culture of the nation's national crisis, also has an obsession with the consumerism or the hedonism culture of the urban dream of the 10-year-old city. In 1920, Zhang Ailing, born in Shanghai, Most of its works are written in Shanghai, and its works inevitably show the characteristics of Shanghai's urban culture. As a clear theoretical concept, the "mass culture" has introduced China in the 1980s, but the commercial or market-oriented, replicative, secularized, entertaining and sensual characteristics of the mass culture have already possessed the soil of birth and development in Shanghai. The soil is formed with a lot of cultural forms with the characteristics of mass culture. On the basis of this, this paper takes the "mass culture" as the theoretical field of view to view the works of Zhang Ailing, and explores the quality of popular culture in Zhang Ailing's works, and it is also practical and practical. As a result, Zhang Ailing's novel is deeply disseminated by the urban commercial culture in Shanghai. His works are popular, and the promotion of the mass media is closely related to the winning of the famous literary critics, which is the only way for the mass culture to pursue the commercialization and the market-oriented. Represent. Publish Myth, and then It is an appropriate case. Zhang Ailing's novel tries to cross the boundary between the elite culture and the citizen's culture to highlight the rich In the same time of writing the secular daily life, it also contains a reflection of the situation of life, which shows the artistic effect of the blending of the custom and the customs. The language is also a white and white cross, the readability is good, and the rebellion of the men's rights is written in the view of the female. It is more sensual, and the above-mentioned features are different in the love of the city. Film and TV is an important product of mass culture, and its image-based narrative strategy is the pursuit of mass culture. The core idea of music. Zhang Ailing's novel tries to construct the "the feeling of painting", and by means of the film "Montage", The method is also space-oriented. These "film and television" features add more visual and entertaining colors to the novel. The last thing to point out is that Zhang Ailing's novel has the quality of mass culture, and when reading the novel of Zhang Ailing, people go to a shallow and vulgar reading path, and ignore the way that Zhang Ailing's novel is hidden. A dimension of thought and texture that concerns private life, ridicule and subversion of value, and nearly cruel anatomy of human nature.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I207.42

【参考文献】