清代扬州书院课艺研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 03:28

本文选题：扬州　切入点：书院　出处：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：清代扬州府有梅花、安定、广陵三大书院。扬州三大书院在扬州文化史上占有重要地位。在清代的科举考试规定下,扬州书院为科举考试而设的同时,也培养了许多才学之士。扬州书院对童生加以选拔,合格者进入书院学习,书院山长在授课之余,选编生徒优秀文章给予点评后,编辑成册以供书院学子参考学习,书院课艺文章是扬州地区八股取士的反映。通过课艺文章和科举八股文来比较,课艺文章相对于成熟的八股文虽然有一定的差距,但用成熟的八股文眼光来看生徒课艺文章,能进一步了解生徒课艺文章的真正价值。同时,在对谨严的八股文结构进行分析研究中就会发现,其结构模式固然禁锢了考生的思维,但在谨严的法度下,书院生徒也有很强的遣词造句能力,从中亦可以窥见扬州科举教育的繁盛。扬州书院课艺与扬州学派中的经学训诂也有很密切的联系,这也是研究课艺文章的另外一个角度。书院课艺文章是依儒家经典学说要义而作,这些文章是经学思维的体现,文章不仅有对四书五经字面意义的解释,还有对其涵义和义理的阐释以及社会道德规范的理解。依照扬州学派的经学成就对照书院课艺文章,是研究扬州书院课艺文章与经学的关系另外一个方面。书院课艺的文章多为八股文,因为其八股之气息相对不太浓厚,也为探讨文章的文学性提供了不小的空间。八股文体内流淌着中国古代文化的血液,从课艺文章的为文章法来看,课艺文章有其鲜明的文学特点。在清代诗赋科考部分,扬州书院教育不仅仅把研习诗赋作为科考的敲门砖,也是为了促进生徒文学综合素养的形成,为国家培养“通才”服务。对课艺里的诗赋进行研读,探究生徒诗赋习作的科考范式,有利于深入研究清代科举状况。在对扬州书院课艺文章进行研究时,从山长对生徒的教育理念也可窥见他们的学术思想,诸多的山长批语是对课艺文章的中肯评价,翻检山长批语也是研究当时科考状况的一个角度,也能理解扬州地区对待科举的思想态度。扬州书院山长从对生徒的八股文训练开始,一直重视生徒们的儒家道德培养,扬州书院教育不遗余力地培养学生的综合素质,希望能在统治者科举要求的范围内,提高生徒们的素养,这也是扬州一直以来的文风所在。
[Abstract]:In the Qing Dynasty, Yangzhou had three academies of plum blossom, stability and Guangling. The three academies of Yangzhou played an important role in the history of Yangzhou culture. Under the regulations of imperial examination in Qing Dynasty, Yangzhou Academy was set up for imperial examination at the same time. Yangzhou Academy also trained a lot of talented scholars. Yangzhou Academy of Classics selected and selected children to study, and those who qualified entered the academy to study. After giving comments on excellent articles selected from students and disciples, they were compiled into books for the reference and study of college students. The article of the Academy of Classical Arts is a reflection of stereotyped talents in Yangzhou. Compared with the eight-part essay of the Imperial examination, although there is a certain gap between the article on the subject and the mature eight-part article, the article is viewed from the mature perspective of the eight-part essay. Can further understand the true value of the art articles of the student class. At the same time, in the analysis and study of the careful structure of the eight-part essay, we will find that the structural model of the article certainly restricts the thinking of the examinee, but under the strict law, The students of the academy also have a strong ability to choose words and sentences, from which we can see the prosperity of the imperial examination education in Yangzhou. There is also a close relationship between the teaching skills of Yangzhou Academy and the classics exegesis in Yangzhou School. This is another angle from which to study the art of lessons. The articles of the Academy of Classics are written according to the essentials of the Confucian Classics. These articles reflect the thinking of Confucian classics. They not only have an explanation for the literal meaning of the four books and the five scriptures. There is also the interpretation of its meaning and principle, as well as the understanding of social morality. According to the Yangzhou School of Classics achievements, This is another aspect of the study of the relationship between the Yangzhou Academy of Classics and the Classics. The articles on the Academy of Classical Arts are mostly eight-part articles, because the atmosphere of the stereotyped writing is relatively weak. It also provides a large space for the discussion of the literariness of the articles. The blood of ancient Chinese culture flows through the body of the eight-part essay. From the point of view of the article on the subject of art, the article has its distinctive literary characteristics. In the part of the scientific examination of poetry and Fu in the Qing Dynasty, The education of Yangzhou Academy of Classical Learning not only takes the study of poetry and Fu as a stepping stone for scientific research, but also promotes the formation of comprehensive literacy of students' literature and serves the national training of "generalists". It is helpful to study the state of imperial examination in the Qing Dynasty by exploring the patterns of the poetry and Fu of the students. In the course of studying the teaching and art articles of Yangzhou Academy, we can also see their academic thoughts from the educational ideas of the mountain leaders against the students. Many of the language of the mountain long criticism is a fair evaluation of the art articles of the course. Turning over the long and criticizing language of the mountain is also an angle from which to study the current scientific research situation at that time. It is also possible to understand the ideological attitude towards the imperial examination in Yangzhou. The director of Yangzhou Academy of Classics has always attached importance to the cultivation of Confucian morality of the students since the eight-part training of the students, and Yangzhou Academy of Classical Education has spared no effort to cultivate the students' comprehensive quality. Hope to improve the quality of the living disciples within the requirements of the imperial examination, this is where Yangzhou has always been literary style.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I206.2;G649.299

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