《左传》中人们对礼之认识及其变迁
本文选题:《左传》 + 礼 ; 参考:《西南大学》2017年硕士论文
【摘要】:《左传》素来被认为是“三礼”之外的又一部重要的礼学思想巨著。很多学者早就注意到《左传》反复论述到“礼”这一特点,并开始对《左传》中的“礼”进行研究,但他们大多是把《左传》内容作为依据来研究先秦时期具体的礼仪。也有学者关注到了春秋时期的“礼崩乐坏”,将其视为春秋时期诸侯和卿大夫违背周礼的结果。本文在前人研究的基础上,主要关注《左传》中人们对礼之认识的变迁及其变迁的原因。本文分为三章:第一章阐述了礼的内涵及其发展。本文主要探讨了从夏商时期到西周时期再到春秋时期礼的内涵变迁及其发展。“礼”最初是和宗庙祭祀相关,夏商时期的礼主要是和神灵有关,是一种约定俗成的伦理习惯。西周时期的礼主要是以宗法制为基础的规章制度。春秋时期的礼主要是人们评价国家兴衰、政治成败的准则,它的政治意义得到凸显。第二章探讨了《左传》中人们对礼的认识。从内容上看,主要涉及到祭祀之礼、丧葬之礼、战争之礼、婚仪和朝聘之礼。从评价方式上看,主要有直接的“礼也”“非礼也”的论断方式,以及“通过传中人物之口表达观点”“通过君子之口表达观点”“通过旁观者对事件的评价表达观点”“通过描绘事件或场面表达观点”的间接评论方式,但无论哪一种方式都深刻的证明了礼的观念在这一时期已经深入人心。第三章论述了《左传》中人们对礼之认识的变迁。首先从观念意识层面论证了人们对礼认识上的变迁,其次从“礼之僭越”“礼之废弃”“礼之变异”论述人们对等级森严的制度之礼认识上的变迁,最后探讨了导致这种认识变迁的影响因素。《左传》中人们对礼之认识的变迁是因为一方面礼本身的发展、刑法的大力推行,人们依然认同周礼,但周礼不能完全适应时代的需要,在观念上对礼的认识发生了分歧;另一方面政治权力中心的下移、新的阶层力量——士阶层的崛起,人们不满足于现有的等级秩序,想要僭越更高层次的礼,周礼在制度层面已到了崩溃的边缘。
[Abstract]:Zuo Zhuan is always regarded as another important monumental work of propriety thought in addition to "three Rites".Many scholars have long noticed that Zuo Zhuan repeatedly discussed the characteristics of "Li", and began to study the "Li" in Zuo Zhuan, but most of them took the content of Zuo Zhuan as the basis to study the specific etiquette of the pre-Qin period.Some scholars also pay attention to the Spring and Autumn period, which is regarded as the result of the feudal princes and officials in the Spring and Autumn period disobeying the Zhou rites.On the basis of previous studies, this paper focuses on the change of people's understanding of propriety in Zuo Zhuan and its causes.This article is divided into three chapters: the first chapter expounds the connotation and development of ritual.This paper mainly discusses the connotation and development of ritual from Xia and Shang dynasties to Western Zhou Dynasty to Spring and Autumn period.The ritual was related to the sacrifice of the temple at first, and the ritual in the Xia and Shang dynasties was mainly related to the gods, which was a custom of ethics.The rites of the Western Zhou Dynasty were mainly rules and regulations based on the patriarchal system.The ceremony in the Spring and Autumn period is the criterion of people's evaluation of the rise and fall of the country and the success or failure of politics, and its political significance is highlighted.The second chapter discusses people's understanding of ritual in Zuo Zhuan.From the content point of view, mainly involves the ritual of sacrifice, funeral ceremony, war ceremony, marriage ceremony and the ceremony of engagement.Judging from the way of evaluation, there is mainly a direct way of saying "propriety" and "indecent assault".And indirect comments such as "expressing views through the mouth of the characters in the middle", "expressing views through the mouth of a gentleman," "expressing views through the evaluation of events by bystanders," "expressing views by depicting events or scenes,"But in either way, the concept of propriety has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.The third chapter discusses the changes of people's understanding of rites in Zuo Zhuan.First of all, it demonstrates the change of people's understanding of etiquette from the level of concept and consciousness, and then discusses the change of people's understanding of the system of strict hierarchy from the point of view of "surpassing the power of ceremony", "abandonment of rite" and "variation of rite".Finally, it discusses the influencing factors that lead to this change of cognition. In Zuo Zhuan, the reason for the change of people's understanding of propriety is that, on the one hand, the development of propriety itself and the vigorous implementation of criminal law, people still agree with Zhou Li.However, Zhou Li could not fully meet the needs of the times and had different views on propriety. On the other hand, with the shift of the center of political power and the rise of the new class force, the intellectuals, people were not satisfied with the existing hierarchical order.Zhou Li is on the verge of collapse at the institutional level.
【学位授予单位】:西南大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:I206.2
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