1950年代小说知识阶层公与私的伦理—对《人民文学》作品的考察

发布时间：2018-05-14 04:34

本文选题：知识阶层 + 公/私领域　；参考：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：从知识阶层公与私的伦理关系入手,考察1950年代《人民文学》中的小说,知识阶层的私人交往显示出阶段性的特征,其家庭婚姻、恋爱、友朋等私域性的交往关系受国家层面的政治决策影响,公共领域的政治伦理,压制了私领域伦理的话语权,新型的人际关系在这一时期得到特别地推崇。新型人际关系背后隐藏的往往是新型的伦理生态和文化生态,掌控五十年代文学发展的正是社会主义革命写作伦理和社会主义建设的现实文学。社会主义革命写作伦理放大了文学对于私领域伦理的拒斥力量,世俗叙事在五十年代发生断层,私人关系的公共化成为其显著特点。传统世俗叙事的“断”与延安文艺的“庚续/创新”对之后的中国文学发展、作家创作习惯产生深远的影响,成为这一时期文学在文学史上的重要作用。本论文由绪论、本论三章和结论构成。论文的绪论部分阐明论文缘起,梳理相关的概念和历史背景。第一章重点关注这一阶段文学叙事中人的生活内容的“私”的质素的存在形态和转变特点。以时间为纵向线索,以具体的社会事件为点,分阶段考察知识分子私人交往的阶段性样貌,以社会事件、社会政策为重点导向,总结出知识分子“阶级+婚姻家庭”“党性+工作”和“革命+生产”的私领域人际关系转变方式。同时观照此时期知识阶层私人交往的“异端”,力求从多方面考察1950年代知识分子私领域的面貌。第二章重点关注社会主义文学事业中“公”质素的结构性关系的建设与巩固。刊物(编辑)、作家、作品的批评与自我批评,极大地控制着文学创作的思路和方法,助力社会主义革命写作伦理的建设。新中国成立后的十年之中,社会主义革命写作伦理主要囊括了“斗争”的伦理和“教育”的伦理,这两个方面又指向了刊物与作家、作家与作品、作品与读者、读者与刊物的关系。在此写作伦理的指导之下,作家通过将知识阶层置于对比语境以及设置“知识分子记录者”这一文本角色,完成社会主义建设的现实文学的实践。第三章在前文论述的基础上,讨论知识阶层生活叙事中确立公/私伦理关系所产生的文学意义。1950年代《人民文学》的小说,整体上呈现出去“私”为“公”的趋势,暗藏一条私人关系公共化的脉络,证实了这一时期世俗叙事的停滞与消解。与此同时发生的,是解放区文学政治伦理的“赓续”和社会主义文学的全面“创新”。新中国成立后,在延安初步实践的工农兵方向的文学写作迅速在全国范围内蔓延,新中国文学依旧继承毛泽东《讲话》精神,对于“亲”的重新定义,对“同志”关系的新解读以及“物”的阶级属性化成为此时期政治伦理作用于文学的“创新”成果。
[Abstract]:Starting with the ethical relationship between the public and the private of the intellectual class, this paper examines the novels in people's Literature in the 1950s. The private communication of the intellectual class shows the characteristics of stages, such as family marriage and love. The private communication relations such as friends and friends are influenced by the political decision at the national level. The political ethics of the public domain suppresses the discourse power of the private domain ethics, and the new type of interpersonal relationship is specially respected in this period. Behind the new interpersonal relationship are often the new ethical ecology and cultural ecology, and it is the socialist revolutionary writing ethics and realistic literature that control the development of literature in the 1950s. The ethics of socialist revolutionary writing magnifies the resistance of literature to the ethics of the private sphere, and secular narration breaks down in the 1950s, and the publicization of private relations becomes its prominent feature. The "break" of the traditional secular narrative and the "continuity / innovation" of Yan'an literature and art had a profound influence on the development of Chinese literature and writers' creative habits, which became the important role of literature in the history of literature in this period. This paper consists of introduction, three chapters and conclusions. The introduction of the paper explains the origin of the paper, combing the related concepts and historical background. The first chapter focuses on the existence and transformation characteristics of the private content of human life in this stage of literary narration. Taking time as a vertical clue, taking specific social events as a point, examining the stage appearance of intellectuals' private exchanges in stages, focusing on social events and social policies, It sums up the transformation way of personal relationship between intellectuals "class marriage and family", "party work" and "revolutionary production". At the same time, according to the "heresy" of the intellectual private communication in this period, we try to investigate the facets of the intellectual private field in the 1950s. The second chapter focuses on the construction and consolidation of the structural relationship of "public" quality in the cause of socialist literature. The criticism and self-criticism of publications (editors, writers, works) greatly control the ideas and methods of literary creation and help the construction of socialist revolutionary writing ethics. In the ten years after the founding of New China, the ethics of socialist revolutionary writing mainly included the ethics of "struggle" and "education", which pointed to publications and writers, writers and works, works and readers. The relationship between readers and publications. Under the guidance of the writing ethics, the writer completes the realistic literature practice of socialist construction by putting the intellectual stratum in the context of contrast and setting up the role of "intellectual recorder". The third chapter discusses the literary significance of the establishment of the relationship between public and private ethics in the narration of life of the intellectual class on the basis of the previous exposition. In the 1950s, the novel "people's Literature" presents the trend of "private" becoming "public" as a whole. A thread of publicization of private relations is hidden, which confirms the stagnation and deconstruction of secular narration in this period. At the same time, it is the continuity of political ethics of literature in liberated areas and the overall innovation of socialist literature. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, literary writing in the direction of workers, peasants and soldiers, which was initially practiced in Yan'an, spread rapidly throughout the country.New Chinese literature still inherited the spirit of "speech" from Mao Zedong, and redefined "pro". The new interpretation of the relationship between "comrades" and the class attribute of "things" is the result of "innovation" of political ethics in this period.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.42

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