论张爱玲的英文创作

发布时间：2018-05-17 17:27

本文选题：张爱玲 + 英文创作　；参考：《南京大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：张爱玲通常以她独特的中文创作而为读者所熟知,而其实她在英文创作方面的贡献也不容小觑,英文创作伴随了她的一生。然而,研究界对张爱玲的英文创作本身的关注和研究尚不多。凭借着为英文月刊《二十世纪》撰写的多篇清新流丽的散文和影评,张爱玲建立起最初的写作自信并在上海文坛崭露头角。1953年,张爱玲以其在香港创作的英文长篇处女作《秧歌》打入英语世界。1955年后张爱玲移居美国的作品如《雷峰塔》、《易经》、《北地胭脂》等,都与早年的个体经验和家族史记忆相联系。即便在美国用英文书写,张爱玲仍然不折不扣地从中国记忆中寻找资源和动力,其作品仍以中国传统小说的叙事构架为主,稳定的中国文化心理结构规约着张爱玲的思维和表达,以致她的外语作品中也明显留下了中文思维的痕迹。初登文坛的张爱玲把林语堂作为参照人物,立志“要比林语堂还出风头”。然而,与林语堂侧重中国文化的介绍有别,张爱玲坚持呈现一个真实的现代中国。同时,张爱玲也藉英文文本来重返过去的生命场景,不断将被压抑的欲望改头换面,重现字里行间。从《雷峰塔》到《易经》,从《色·戒》、《五四遗事》再到《少帅》,张爱玲创造并同时拆解有关中国家族、历史传奇的用心可见一斑。其首次触碰土改题材的《秧歌》更是以一种逼近真实的姿态刻画中国人在时代转折期的生存和挣扎。然而,无论是书写家族文化、历史事件抑或转向现实题材,张爱玲关怀的焦点始终是人,是男女间的小事情,是意识形态的缝隙中沸腾着的民间俗世。作为能同时运用中英文两种语言写作的作家,张爱玲的部分英文作品也经历了一个不断改写改译的过程,从中文到英文,再由英文转回中文。不同语境下的文本改写除了重点考虑读者和不同意识形态的文化环境,并依此不断调整叙事策略外,还归因于作者晚年生活环境的变化和文化心态的调整。异域写作和非母语写作赋予张爱玲重新审视自我的视角和空间,因此张爱玲在进行家族史书写和自我建构的时候,增添了与过去中文写作不一样的新鲜因素。张爱玲在适应英语读者审美需求的同时,也不忘保持写作的独立性,美国文化以及英语写作本身始终不足以对张爱玲既成的创作个性构成压迫。因此,即便张爱玲的小说已占据美国文学史的篇幅,她的那些英语文本仍然顽强地显现着无法遮蔽的中国现代文学的本性。
[Abstract]:Zhang Ailing is usually known to her readers for her unique Chinese writing, but her contribution to English writing is not to be underestimated. English writing has been with her throughout her life. However, there is not much attention and research on Zhang Ailing's English creation itself. With a number of fresh prose and film reviews written for the English monthly 20th Century, Zhang Ailing built up his initial writing confidence and made his mark in Shanghai's literary world. Zhang Ailing entered the English world with his long English debut in Hong Kong, Yangko. After 1955, Zhang Ailing's works of emigration to the United States, such as Leifeng Tower, the Book of changes, and Beidi Rouge, were all related to the early personal experience and family history memory. Even if written in English in the United States, Zhang Ailing is still looking for resources and motivation from Chinese memory, and his works still focus on the narrative framework of traditional Chinese novels. The stable psychological structure of Chinese culture governs the thinking and expression of Zhang Ailing, so that her foreign language works also leave a trace of Chinese thinking. Zhang Ailing, who first appeared in the literary world, took Lin Yutang as a reference figure and set his mind to be "more prominent than Lin Yutang." However, unlike Lin Yutang's emphasis on Chinese culture, Zhang Ailing insists on presenting a real modern China. At the same time, Zhang Ailing also uses English text to return to the life scene of the past, constantly changing the pent-up desire and reproducing between the lines. From Leifeng Tower to the Book of changes, from Sex and caution, from May 4th Legacy to Shao Shuai, Zhang Ailing's intention to create and dismantle Chinese families and historical legends at the same time can be seen. Yangko, whose first touch on the theme of land reform, is a close to the real attitude to portray the survival and struggle of Chinese people in the turning period of the times. However, whether it is writing family culture, historical events or turning to reality, the focus of Zhang Ailing's concern is always on people, is a small thing between men and women, is a folk world boiling in the ideological gap. As a writer who can write in both Chinese and English at the same time, some of Zhang Ailing's English works have undergone a continuous process of rewriting and translating from Chinese to English, and then from English to Chinese. The rewriting of texts in different contexts not only focuses on the readers and the cultural environment of different ideologies, but also ascribes to the changes of the author's living environment in his later years and the adjustment of his cultural mentality. Foreign writing and non-native writing give Zhang Ailing a new perspective and space to re-examine himself, so when Zhang Ailing writes and constructs his family history, he adds some new factors which are different from the Chinese writing in the past. Zhang Ailing not only meets the aesthetic needs of English readers, but also keeps the independence of writing. American culture and English writing itself are not enough to oppress Zhang Ailing's existing creative personality. Therefore, even though Zhang Ailing's novels have occupied the history of American literature, her English texts still stubbornly show the nature of modern Chinese literature.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I207.42

【参考文献】