唐五代小说中的老人形象研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 02:40

本文选题：唐五代小说 + 老人形象　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在唐五代三百五十多年间,小说有了极大的发展,不仅注重讲究文采,追求叙事上的曲折细致,还塑造了很多鲜明生动的形象。对此,人们早有关注并多方探讨,成果不少。但迄今为止,研究者多把视角凝聚在婚恋题材的年轻男女形象上,而对为数不少的老人形象却殊少关注,不能不说是一个很大的遗憾。本文即因此立意,希望在这方面做一些力所能及的拾遗补缺工作。因学术界各家选本对小说的界定不同,选材取舍有所出入,本文本着“求全面,免疏漏”的原则,将多家小说总集、选集相结合,搜集了大量老人形象。基于此,本文试图对老人形象出现的原因、形象类型、艺术特征等方面进行深入探析。首先,从三个方面来论述唐五代小说中老人形象出现的原因:一是与宗教文化密切相关。唐代佛教和道教盛行,神仙崇拜和因果报应等信仰成风,同时鬼神、精怪观念早已在民间流传并深入人心。受此影响,唐五代小说中塑造了颇多僧道鬼怪类形象,其中不少便是以老人面目出现的。二是受到中国传统智慧老人文化的深刻影响。中国自古就有敬老尊贤之传统美德,老人历经岁月的磨练,见多识广,拥有无数宝贵的经验常识与人生智慧,故有“家有一老,如有一宝”之说。小说中智慧老人为数众多,足见其影响之深。三是唐代仍有重孝风尚和重视门第之观念,父母形象也因此在小说中频频出现,他们重视门第,控制子女的恋爱婚姻自由,子女们屡屡因为遵守孝道、难违父母之命而放弃真爱,酿成了一对对的爱情悲剧。其次,根据老人形象的典型特征将其分为智慧型、法术型、世俗型,并对每种类型举例加以分析。如智慧型老人在小说中神秘莫测,洞悉世事,有的略施小小技法便能点醒常人了悟人生,有的拥有预知人们命运的超能力等。又如法术型老人,他们法术高超,以精妙技法炫人耳目,神奇的黄白术,玄幻的变化术,炉火纯青的剑术,诡秘的符咒术等,小说对其描写可谓精彩绝伦、神乎其神。而世俗型老人,以父母形象为主,他们一方面舐犊情深,一方面又强势地干涉子女的婚恋自由,在小说中有着爱与冷酷的两副面孔。笔者同时会纵向联系唐前后小说中的老人形象,分析老人形象的发展。最后,论述唐五代小说中老人形象的艺术特征及缺憾。从环境描写、形象描写和行为描写三个方面着重对神仙老人形象的艺术特征进行分析:如老人现身的环境通常是山林洞穴或罕无人迹之处,颇有神仙之乡、世外桃源之风;又如老人的形貌一般具有圣与俗的两面性,表现在外貌的美与丑,神态的迥异对比上;还如他们的行踪来去无影踪、飘忽不定等。另外,因唐五代小说篇幅普遍较短,作者在塑造人物形象时较多采用省略描写,这导致塑造的人物形象存在一定缺陷。比如老人形象呈现简单的符号化,还有一定的性别失衡现象等。此外,还略加论述老人形象的存在意义。
[Abstract]:During more than 350 years of Tang and five dynasties, novels have developed greatly. They not only pay attention to the style, pursue the twists and turns of narration, but also shape many vivid images. In this regard, people have long been concerned about and multi-party discussion, many results. So far, however, researchers have concentrated their perspectives on the images of young men and women on the subject of love and marriage, but they have paid little attention to the images of many old people, which is a great pity. Therefore, this paper hopes to do some work in this respect. Because of the different definitions of the novels in academic circles, the selection of materials has some differences, this article, in line with the principle of "seeking all-round, avoiding omissions", combines a number of collections of novels and anthologies, and collects a large number of images of the elderly. Based on this, this paper attempts to explore the causes, types and artistic features of the image of the elderly. Firstly, this paper discusses the reasons of the appearance of the old man in the novels of Tang and five dynasties from three aspects: firstly, it is closely related to religious culture. Buddhism and Taoism prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, and fairies and karma became popular, while the idea of ghosts and gods had already spread among the people and deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Influenced by this, the novels of Tang and five dynasties molded quite a lot of images of monks, Taoism and ghosts, many of which appeared as old people. Second, by the Chinese traditional wisdom of the elderly culture profound impact. Since ancient times, China has the traditional virtue of respecting the old and respecting the sages. The elderly have experienced many years of practice and have extensive knowledge, and have countless valuable experiences, common sense and wisdom in life, so there is the theory that "there is an old man in a home, if there is a treasure." The number of wise old people in the novel shows the depth of its influence. Third, the Tang Dynasty still has the concept of filial piety and the concept of attaching importance to the family, so the image of parents frequently appears in the novel. They attach importance to the family, control their children's freedom of love and marriage, and the children often follow filial piety. It is difficult to give up true love in violation of parents' orders, which leads to a pair of love tragedies. Secondly, according to the typical characteristics of the image of the elderly, it can be classified into intelligent type, magic type and secular type. For example, the intelligent old man is mysterious in the novel, knows the world, some can wake up the ordinary people to understand the life, some has the super ability to predict people's destiny, and so on. Also like the magic type old man, their magic skill dazzles the human eyes and ears, the magic yellow macrocephaly, the mysterious change skill, the fiery sword skill, the mysterious charm technique and so on, the novel to its description can be described as brilliant, supernatural. On the one hand, the secular old people are mainly parents. On the one hand, they love the calf deeply, on the other hand, they strongly interfere with their children's freedom of marriage. They have two faces of love and cold in the novel. At the same time, the author will longitudinally connect the images of the elderly in the novels before and after Tang Dynasty, and analyze the development of the images of the elderly. Finally, the article discusses the artistic characteristics and defects of the image of the elderly in the novels of Tang and five dynasties. From the environment description, the image description and the behavior description three aspects emphatically carries on the analysis to the god immortal old man image artistic characteristic: for example, the old person appears the environment usually is the mountain forest cave or the rare place, quite has the immortal countryside, the world is the source of the wind; For example, the appearance of the old man has two sides, such as the appearance of beauty and ugliness, the contrast of manner, and so on. In addition, owing to the short length of the novels of Tang and five dynasties, the author often uses ellipsis description in portraying characters, which leads to some defects in the portrayal of characters. For example, the image of the elderly presents a simple symbolization, there is a certain gender imbalance and so on. In addition, it also discusses the significance of the image of the elderly.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.41

【参考文献】