论苏轼“弃柳归陶”的转变

发布时间：2018-06-16 19:59

本文选题：柳宗元 + 苏轼　；参考：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：新世纪以来,在古代文学领域,文学接受史的研究已经成为热门话题,对经典作家的研究更是重中之重。柳宗元与陶渊明作为诗歌领域的经典作家,对他们的文学接受研究目前蔚为大观。苏轼作为二人共同的第一读者,更是引人注目。目前学界对苏轼的陶柳诗接受研究虽多,但仍存在不够细致之处。本文的目的,就是在细节上描绘出苏轼在细节上接受柳诗的变化过程,以及由此产生的苏轼“弃柳归陶”的转变。本文共三章,第一章主要分析了苏轼的柳宗元接受的总体情况:他对柳宗元有两种泾渭分明的评价:一种是肯定性评价,大力赞美柳诗;一种是否定性评价,对柳宗元的政治生涯、哲学思想及个人品德予以批判。表面上看来,苏轼做出上述评价的原因,一方面是因为柳宗元参加的永贞革新本就没有坚实的政治基础,柳宗元又在失败后被定义为叛党,兼之宋人正统观极其强烈,但另一方面柳宗元的文学成就确实高,如此一来,自然会有复杂的评价。但是苏轼能在历史上首次发现柳诗的价值,是因为宋代诗学以平淡美为终极审美典范,而这一典范直到苏轼才真正确立。本文第二章以时间为线索,对苏轼接受柳诗的具体过程与细节做了细致的梳理,分析了柳诗对苏轼的作用。苏轼对柳诗的接受大体分为四个时期:神宗元丰二年之前;元丰二年至哲宗元yP二年;哲宗元yP三年至元yP八年;哲宗绍圣元年至苏轼去世。其中第二个、第四个时期是苏轼柳诗接受的高潮期,第一个、第三个时期是低潮期。同时,第二个、第四个时期是苏轼仕途生涯的低潮期,第一个、第三个时期是高潮期。这种反差,体现出的是柳诗对饱经挫折的苏轼的重要作用。柳宗元支持变法的立场使得饱受新党迫害的苏轼对他有敌意,而且不能理解柳宗元。但是被贬后,苏轼能够对柳宗元抱有“理解的同情”,柳诗的抗争意识成为他的精神支柱之一,柳诗中的平淡也能抚慰苏轼的心灵。本文第三章主要分析苏轼“弃柳归陶”的原因。弃柳归陶是指苏轼对陶柳诗的接受大体是同时进行的,但是以“和陶诗”为标志,苏轼最终选择了陶诗作为诗歌典范,选择了渊明为人生楷模,而非柳宗元。首先,这是因为苏轼的入世之心不断消泯,柳宗元则始终高昂,陶渊明则是彻底避世。其次,这是因为苏轼对人生价值的看法越来越接近陶渊明——委运任化,顺其自然,这与柳宗元有大有不同。在此基础上,苏轼故意突出陶渊明人格中淡泊隐世的一面,忽略他的复杂性格,完成了对陶渊明人物形象的重构。
[Abstract]:Since the new century, the study of the history of literary acceptance has become a hot topic in the field of ancient literature. Liu Zongyuan and Tao Yuanming are the classical writers in the field of poetry. Su Shi, as the first reader of the two people, is even more noticeable. Although there is a lot of research on Su Shi's Tao Liushi's poems, there are not enough details. The purpose of this paper is to describe the changing process of Su Shi's acceptance of Liu's poems in detail and the change of Su Shi's "abandoning Liu Guitao". There are three chapters in this paper. The first chapter mainly analyzes the general situation of Su Shi's acceptance of Liu Zongyuan: he has two distinct comments on Liu Zongyuan: one is affirmative evaluation to praise Liu poetry, the other is negative evaluation. It criticizes Liu Zongyuan's political career, philosophy and personal character. On the face of it, Su Shi made the above comments because, on the one hand, there was no solid political foundation for Liu Zongyuan's participation in the Yongzhen Reform, and Liu Zongyuan was defined as a rebel after his defeat, and the Song people's orthodoxy was extremely strong. But on the other hand, Liu Zongyuan's literary achievements are indeed high, thus, there will naturally be complex evaluation. But Su Shi was able to discover the value of Liu's poems for the first time in history because the poetics of Song Dynasty took plain beauty as the ultimate aesthetic model, which was not really established until Su Shi. In the second chapter, the author makes a detailed analysis of the concrete process and details of Su Shi's acceptance of Liu Shi's poems, and analyzes the effect of Liu Shi's poems on Su Shi. Su Shi's acceptance of Liu's poems was divided into four periods: two years before Yuanfeng of Shenzong; two years from Yuan Feng to YP in Yuan Dynasty; three years from Yuan Dynasty to eight years in Yuan Dynasty; and three years from Shengyuan Dynasty to the death of Su Shi. The second and fourth period is the high tide period accepted by Su Shi's Liu poetry, the first and the third period is the low tide period. At the same time, the second and fourth period is the low stage of Su Shi's career, the first and the third period is the high tide period. This contrast reflects the important role of Liu's poems in sushi's frustration. Liu Zongyuan's pro-reform stance made Su Shi, a New Party persecuted, hostile to him and unable to understand Liu Zongyuan. But after being demoted, Su Shi was able to have "understanding sympathy" for Liu Zongyuan. Liu Shi's consciousness of protest became one of his spiritual pillars, and the plainness in Liu's poem could also soothe Su Shi's soul. The third chapter mainly analyzes the reason why Su Shi abandoned Liu Guitao. Abandoning Liu Guitao means that Su Shi's acceptance of Tao Liu's poems was carried out at the same time, but with "he Tao's poem" as the symbol, Su Shi finally chose Tao poem as the model of poetry, and chose Yuan Ming as the model of life rather than Liu Zongyuan. First of all, this is because Su Shi's mind to join the WTO is constantly vanishing, the Liu Zongyuan is always high, and the Tao Yuanming is completely safe from the world. Second, this is because Su Shi's view of life value is getting closer to Tao Yuanming, letting go of nature, which is quite different from Liu Zongyuan. On this basis, Su Shi deliberately highlights the hidden side of Tao Yuanming personality, neglects his complex character, and completes the reconstruction of Tao Yuanming character.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.22

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