郑玄“以德笺诗”文学思想研究
发布时间：2018-10-26 13:19
【摘要】：郑玄“以德笺诗”文学思想是在经学立场上以《毛诗》思想为宗。首先“德”自《诗》而出,因《诗》多出自周人之手,必有周人思想,即“德”观念,无论形式或内容还是目的与效果,《诗》的创作都与“德”有着必然联系。其次,“德”从《毛传》而出,《毛传》自谓传自子夏,乃儒家学说,而儒家特重仁义道德,因此《毛传》的文学思想也必定以“德”为重。对于不同于《毛传》的地方,郑玄有着自己的判断。在打造儒家政治诗学观,在《毛传》的文学批评基础之上构建以“德教”为核心的诗学观,并在编织德教兴衰与政治盛衰以及诗歌美刺正变等因果联系的思想之下,郑玄于诸家诗说中自有取舍。因此,国风开篇,《周南》第一,《关雎》为始,美后妃之德,二《南》皆美,德衰而变风变雅作。同时因汉代大一统政治需要以及温柔敦厚德教诗学观的深化,郑玄对《诗》批评中“美刺”观念予以改造,将“直刺”改为“讽喻”、“讥过”等委婉地表达怨刺之情。并且在儒家德教和诗教的指导思想之下,郑玄在笺《诗》的具体手法上还将“比兴”简化为“比喻”。此种做法有利于简化《诗》文学性向政治性,即诗教和德教解释的转化途径,不拖泥带水。当然此种途径的简化也有其历史原因,一方面是屈原《离骚》“香草美人”在先的诗学历史实践,另一方面则是文学诗学向政治诗学转换历史实践的必然需要。反之如果在转换途径上纠缠不清,必定影响此种转换,有碍于诗教和德教诗学的建构。另外,“以礼笺诗”是郑玄诗学的特色所在。但仍然需要指出,中国文化在汉之前已然发展出“德”“礼”并重互为内外的政治哲学。因而以礼明德、以德和礼,二者不可偏废,“德”仍然是郑玄诗学的核心概念和逻辑起点。在笺《诗》基本原则之外,《诗》笺所表达出来的德教以及德治内容,相对集中在“德”的施受主体范围内,主要为君德、臣德、妇德三个方面。要之,在经学思维下《郑笺》从前提到结构,从方法到内容,处处是郑玄“以德笺诗”诗学观的落实,也是儒家政治诗学观的表现,这也是其义理之上的优胜所在。
[Abstract]:Zheng Xuan's Literary thought of "taking the poem of virtue" is based on the thought of "Mao poem" in the standpoint of Confucian Classics. First, "virtue" comes out from "poem", because "poem" comes from the hand of Zhou people, there must be Zhou people's thought, that is, the idea of "morality", whether form, content, purpose and effect, the creation of "poem" has inevitable relation with "virtue". Secondly, "virtue" comes from Mao Zhuan, and "Mao Zhuan" pretends to be passed on from Zi-Xia, which is a Confucian doctrine, and Confucianism attaches great importance to benevolence and morality, so the literary thought of "Mao Zhuan" must also regard "virtue" as the most important. Different from Mao Zhuan, Zheng Xuan has his own judgment. On the basis of the Confucian political poetics and the literary criticism of Mao Zhuan, this paper constructs a poetics view with "moral education" as the core, and under the thought of weaving the causal link between the rise and fall of moral education and the rise and fall of politics, and the change of poetic beauty and thorn, etc. Zheng Xuan had his own choice in the theory of Zhu Jia's poems. Therefore, at the beginning of the Guofeng, Zhou Nan, Guan Ju is the beginning. At the same time, due to the political needs of the unification of the Han Dynasty and the deepening of the poetics view of gentle and honest morality and education, Zheng Xuan reformed the concept of "beauty thorn" in the criticism of "poetry" and changed "straight thorn" into "allegory" and "derided" to express the feeling of resentment and thorn. Under the guidance of Confucianism, Zheng Xuan simplified "Bi Xing" into "metaphor". This method is helpful to simplify the transformation from literature to politics, that is, poetry and morality. Of course, the simplification of this approach also has its historical reasons. On the one hand, it is the historical practice of Poetics in qu Yuan's "Vanilla Beauty", on the other hand, it is the inevitable need for the transformation from literary poetics to political poetics. On the other hand, if we get entangled in the way of transformation, it will affect the transformation and hinder the construction of poetry teaching and moral education poetics. In addition, the poem is the characteristic of Zheng Xuanshi. However, it should be pointed out that before the Han Dynasty, Chinese culture had developed the political philosophy of "virtue" and "propriety". Therefore, by virtue, virtue and propriety, both can not be biased, "virtue" is still the core concept and logical starting point of Zheng Xuanshi. In addition to the basic principle of "poem", the contents of moral education and rule of virtue expressed by "poem" are relatively concentrated in the scope of the subject of "virtue", mainly in three aspects: Jun de, Chen de and Fu de. To be sure, under the thought of Confucian Classics, Zheng Jian used to mention structure. From method to content, there is everywhere the implementation of Zheng Xuan's poetics view of "using virtue to write poems", which is also the expression of Confucian political poetics, which is also the superiority of Confucian political poetics.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I207.22
本文编号：2295849
[Abstract]:Zheng Xuan's Literary thought of "taking the poem of virtue" is based on the thought of "Mao poem" in the standpoint of Confucian Classics. First, "virtue" comes out from "poem", because "poem" comes from the hand of Zhou people, there must be Zhou people's thought, that is, the idea of "morality", whether form, content, purpose and effect, the creation of "poem" has inevitable relation with "virtue". Secondly, "virtue" comes from Mao Zhuan, and "Mao Zhuan" pretends to be passed on from Zi-Xia, which is a Confucian doctrine, and Confucianism attaches great importance to benevolence and morality, so the literary thought of "Mao Zhuan" must also regard "virtue" as the most important. Different from Mao Zhuan, Zheng Xuan has his own judgment. On the basis of the Confucian political poetics and the literary criticism of Mao Zhuan, this paper constructs a poetics view with "moral education" as the core, and under the thought of weaving the causal link between the rise and fall of moral education and the rise and fall of politics, and the change of poetic beauty and thorn, etc. Zheng Xuan had his own choice in the theory of Zhu Jia's poems. Therefore, at the beginning of the Guofeng, Zhou Nan, Guan Ju is the beginning. At the same time, due to the political needs of the unification of the Han Dynasty and the deepening of the poetics view of gentle and honest morality and education, Zheng Xuan reformed the concept of "beauty thorn" in the criticism of "poetry" and changed "straight thorn" into "allegory" and "derided" to express the feeling of resentment and thorn. Under the guidance of Confucianism, Zheng Xuan simplified "Bi Xing" into "metaphor". This method is helpful to simplify the transformation from literature to politics, that is, poetry and morality. Of course, the simplification of this approach also has its historical reasons. On the one hand, it is the historical practice of Poetics in qu Yuan's "Vanilla Beauty", on the other hand, it is the inevitable need for the transformation from literary poetics to political poetics. On the other hand, if we get entangled in the way of transformation, it will affect the transformation and hinder the construction of poetry teaching and moral education poetics. In addition, the poem is the characteristic of Zheng Xuanshi. However, it should be pointed out that before the Han Dynasty, Chinese culture had developed the political philosophy of "virtue" and "propriety". Therefore, by virtue, virtue and propriety, both can not be biased, "virtue" is still the core concept and logical starting point of Zheng Xuanshi. In addition to the basic principle of "poem", the contents of moral education and rule of virtue expressed by "poem" are relatively concentrated in the scope of the subject of "virtue", mainly in three aspects: Jun de, Chen de and Fu de. To be sure, under the thought of Confucian Classics, Zheng Jian used to mention structure. From method to content, there is everywhere the implementation of Zheng Xuan's poetics view of "using virtue to write poems", which is also the expression of Confucian political poetics, which is also the superiority of Confucian political poetics.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I207.22
【参考文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 毛宣国;汉代《诗经》阐释的诗学研究[D];武汉大学;2007年
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