论五四新诗的“平民化”情结
发布时间：2018-11-21 12:05
【摘要】：新诗作为新文学革命的突破口,最早承担起文学领域破旧立新的任务,它不仅在语言和形式上尽力摆脱旧体诗的束缚,而且将表现的对象更多地聚焦在普通平民百姓身上,呈现出新文化人的"平民化"情结。本文在考察五四时期特定的社会、历史、文化语境的基础上,以诗人与"平民"之间想象性关系为切入点,讨论五四新诗"平民化"情结的发生与历史呈现,总共分为三章:第一章从时代背景和文学思潮等方面探索"平民化"新诗理论从发生、论争到沉寂的历史轨迹。在"平民主义"思潮和"劳工神圣"口号的影响下,五四新文化人提出了"平民文学"和新诗"平民化"的主张,在文学界引起了巨大的反响。但不同的知识分子对新诗"平民化"存在着不同的理解,产生了一些分歧与论争,这些论争进一步推动了文学革命以及新诗"平民化"的进程。而随着阶级意识的觉醒与无产阶级革命诗歌的兴起,"平民文学"思潮逐渐回落,新诗"平民化"以及"平民文学"的倡导也逐渐退出公众的视野。第二章通过文本细读来分析五四诗作中的"我"(知识分子)与"他"(平民)之间的想象性关系。受到"劳工神圣"口号的影响,对劳动精神的推崇成为很多"平民化"新诗的主题;而受到自身生活圈子的影响,许多新诗人以人力车夫以及农家乡土生活为题材创作新诗,形成了"人力车夫情结"以及"乡土情结"。新文化人不断在诗作中对自己与"平民"的关系进行考量与自我定位,他们"同情"或"认同"平民,乃至面对平民而"自嘲"的背后,都反映了五四知识分子在应对社会大变革与大动荡局面下心理嬗变的轨迹和身份认同的危机。在他们身上,知识分子的精英意识与"劳工神圣"的思想同时存在,这是一直困扰他们如何看待自己与底层民众关系的症结所在。第三章从诗歌表现形式方面探索"平民化"新诗在表达诗人自身主体情感与"平民"情感过程中所采取的诗学策略,及其对白话新诗诗体建设作出的贡献。"平民化"新诗多采用抒情主体角色化的方式,即抒情主体作为一名在场的旁观者,或者化身为"平民",拟"平民"的口吻来叙述、抒情,在表达"平民" 自身情感的同时,也彰显出诗人对"平民"的态度以及情感。"平民化"新诗还从传统的民间歌谣中寻找资源,在借鉴民谣艺术形式与表现手法的同时,更进一步关注平民日常生活中的真情实感。一部分新文化人还对新诗"戏剧化"进行了大胆尝试,并将其与新诗"平民化"的追求结合在一起,深入挖掘与展现平民的内心世界和性格特征,无意间也流露出诗人的主体情感,拓展了诗歌的表现手法。
[Abstract]:As the breakthrough of the new literary revolution, new poetry is the earliest undertaking to break the old and the new in the field of literature. It not only tries its best to get rid of the shackles of the old poems in language and form, but also focuses more on the ordinary people. It presents the "popularized" complex of the new cultural people. On the basis of examining the specific social, historical and cultural context of the May 4th Movement, this paper discusses the occurrence and historical presentation of the "popularizing" complex of the May 4th New Poetry from the perspective of the imaginative relationship between the poet and the "common people". There are three chapters altogether: the first chapter explores the historical track of the theory of "popularization" from its occurrence, controversy to silence from the background of the times and the literary trend of thought. Under the influence of the ideological trend of "populism" and the slogan of "sacred labor", the May 4th New Culture people put forward the ideas of "civilian literature" and "popularization", which caused great repercussions in literary circles. However, different intellectuals have different understanding of the "popularization" of new poetry, which has led to some differences and controversies, which have further promoted the literary revolution and the process of "popularization" of new poetry. With the awakening of class consciousness and the rise of proletarian revolutionary poetry, the trend of thought of "civilian literature" gradually fell down, and the new poetry "popularization" and "civilian literature" were gradually withdrawn from the public view. The second chapter analyzes the imaginative relationship between "I" (intellectual) and "he" (civilian) in the May 4th poetics. Influenced by the slogan "sacred labor", the promotion of the spirit of labor has become the theme of many "popularized" new poems; Under the influence of their own life circle, many new poets created new poems with the theme of human rickshaw man and peasant native life, which formed "human rickshaw complex" and "local complex". Neo-cultural people constantly consider and position their relationship with "civilians" in their poems. They "sympathize" or "identify" with the common people, and even "laugh at themselves" in the face of the common people. Both reflect the locus of psychological evolution and the crisis of identity of the May 4th intellectuals under the situation of great social change and great turbulence. In them, the elite consciousness of intellectuals and the idea of "sacred labor" exist at the same time, which is the crux of how they think about their relationship with the people at the bottom. The third chapter explores the poetic strategies adopted in the process of expressing the poet's own emotion and the common people's emotion, and their contribution to the construction of vernacular poetry style. " The popular "new poem" mostly adopts the way of lyric subject's role, that is, lyric subject, as an onlooker present, or incarnate as "civilian", to describe and express emotion, while expressing "civilian's" own emotion. It also shows the poet's attitude and emotion towards the common people. " The "popularized" poetry also seeks resources from the traditional folk ballads, while drawing lessons from the artistic forms and expressive methods of folk songs, it pays further attention to the true feelings in the daily life of the common people. Some of the new cultural people have also made a bold attempt on the "dramatization" of the new poetry, and combined it with the pursuit of the "popularization" of the new poem, and deeply excavated and displayed the inner world and character characteristics of the common people. Inadvertently also revealed the poet's main feelings, expanding the expression of poetry.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I207.25
本文编号：2346916
[Abstract]:As the breakthrough of the new literary revolution, new poetry is the earliest undertaking to break the old and the new in the field of literature. It not only tries its best to get rid of the shackles of the old poems in language and form, but also focuses more on the ordinary people. It presents the "popularized" complex of the new cultural people. On the basis of examining the specific social, historical and cultural context of the May 4th Movement, this paper discusses the occurrence and historical presentation of the "popularizing" complex of the May 4th New Poetry from the perspective of the imaginative relationship between the poet and the "common people". There are three chapters altogether: the first chapter explores the historical track of the theory of "popularization" from its occurrence, controversy to silence from the background of the times and the literary trend of thought. Under the influence of the ideological trend of "populism" and the slogan of "sacred labor", the May 4th New Culture people put forward the ideas of "civilian literature" and "popularization", which caused great repercussions in literary circles. However, different intellectuals have different understanding of the "popularization" of new poetry, which has led to some differences and controversies, which have further promoted the literary revolution and the process of "popularization" of new poetry. With the awakening of class consciousness and the rise of proletarian revolutionary poetry, the trend of thought of "civilian literature" gradually fell down, and the new poetry "popularization" and "civilian literature" were gradually withdrawn from the public view. The second chapter analyzes the imaginative relationship between "I" (intellectual) and "he" (civilian) in the May 4th poetics. Influenced by the slogan "sacred labor", the promotion of the spirit of labor has become the theme of many "popularized" new poems; Under the influence of their own life circle, many new poets created new poems with the theme of human rickshaw man and peasant native life, which formed "human rickshaw complex" and "local complex". Neo-cultural people constantly consider and position their relationship with "civilians" in their poems. They "sympathize" or "identify" with the common people, and even "laugh at themselves" in the face of the common people. Both reflect the locus of psychological evolution and the crisis of identity of the May 4th intellectuals under the situation of great social change and great turbulence. In them, the elite consciousness of intellectuals and the idea of "sacred labor" exist at the same time, which is the crux of how they think about their relationship with the people at the bottom. The third chapter explores the poetic strategies adopted in the process of expressing the poet's own emotion and the common people's emotion, and their contribution to the construction of vernacular poetry style. " The popular "new poem" mostly adopts the way of lyric subject's role, that is, lyric subject, as an onlooker present, or incarnate as "civilian", to describe and express emotion, while expressing "civilian's" own emotion. It also shows the poet's attitude and emotion towards the common people. " The "popularized" poetry also seeks resources from the traditional folk ballads, while drawing lessons from the artistic forms and expressive methods of folk songs, it pays further attention to the true feelings in the daily life of the common people. Some of the new cultural people have also made a bold attempt on the "dramatization" of the new poetry, and combined it with the pursuit of the "popularization" of the new poem, and deeply excavated and displayed the inner world and character characteristics of the common people. Inadvertently also revealed the poet's main feelings, expanding the expression of poetry.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I207.25
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