明代文人仪式剧研究

发布时间：2019-05-08 20:51

【摘要】：文人仪式剧是指文人或直接或间接地为某种仪式所创作的戏剧作品。一般认为,戏剧产生于上古的祭祀礼仪活动中。后世戏剧虽逐渐向世俗化、商业化方向发展,但与宗教祭祀、民间仪式一直保持着密切的联系。文人的参与增强了戏剧的文学性,提高了戏剧的艺术品味,推进其一步步走向成熟。元代,一般认为是中国戏剧发展的兴盛期。这一时期,虽然城市中勾栏瓦肆的商业性演出非常活跃,但农村的神庙演剧也同样兴盛。尚且不谈民间大量的祭祀性戏剧演出,即使最著名的元代剧作家关汉卿的《单刀会》、《西蜀梦》也被部分学者认为是为迎神赛社民间祭祀仪式创作而成。明代是中国戏剧发展史上的一个重要时期,主要表现在:一方面,大量文人尤其是上层文人(包括皇家成员)参与戏剧创作;另一方面,戏剧与民众生活的联系进一步加强,家班大量出现,厅堂演出非常普遍。大量文人仪式剧的出现,便是这两方面结合的集中体现。本文便选择明代文人仪式剧,这一戏剧史上重要时期的重要内容进行分析、探讨。文章共分为四部分:第一部分:首先对“文人仪式剧”的概念做了界定,结合明代参与戏剧创作者身份的特点,指出本文所涉及的文人是社会经济地位比较高的上层文人。其次,综述了文人仪式剧的研究状况:无论是对明代文人剧、明代仪式剧还是对有关文人仪式剧内容剧作的研究,研究虽有所涉及但不成体系、只集中于某一个点上。最后,对文人仪式剧进行溯源,探讨文人仪式剧的源流。第二部分:按照表现仪式的不同把文人仪式剧作品分为:庆寿类、应时节类、捷报类、宴会类、诞育类、伉俪类六类,针对每一类作品,按照界定内涵、总结特征的思路进行了整理和评价。并对仪式性相对弱的文人仪式剧亚类型进行了界定与分析。第三部分:分析文人仪式剧的艺术特色,概括为:注重舞台艺术、仪式性强故事性弱,曲辞、宾白典雅三方面。第四部分:着重探讨明代文人仪式剧在中国戏剧史上的价值和意义。文人仪式剧是中国戏剧史上的一个独特发展阶段,是上层文人参与、主导戏剧和戏剧艺术走近民众生活的结果,它既体现了戏剧与宗教之间的密切联系,也体现了戏剧与民众生活的密切联系。文人仪式剧的出现证明戏剧与宗教、仪式的密切相关,佐证了中国戏剧来源于上古祭祀,与祭祀仪式有着天然的密切的联系。总之,文人仪式剧是从文人角度对仪式戏剧的关照,是文学性、仪式性的结合,这是其独具特色的地方。
[Abstract]:Literati ritual drama refers to the dramatic works created by literati or directly or indirectly for a certain ceremony. It is generally believed that drama came into being in ancient ritual activities. Although later dramas have gradually developed in the direction of secularization and commercialization, they have been closely related to religious sacrifices and folk rituals. The participation of literati enhances the literariness of drama, improves the artistic taste of drama, and promotes its maturity step by step. The Yuan Dynasty is generally regarded as the prosperous period of the development of Chinese drama. During this period, although the commercial performances of Goulan Wasu in the city were very active, the temple plays in the countryside also flourished. Even though Guan Hanqing, the most famous playwright of Yuan Dynasty, "single knife meeting", "Xishu Dream" is considered by some scholars to be created for the folk sacrifice ceremony of welcoming God Competition Society, even the most famous Yuan Dynasty playwright Guan Hanqing's "single knife meeting" is not to be talked about a large number of folk sacrifice theatrical performances. Ming Dynasty is an important period in the history of the development of Chinese drama, which is mainly manifested in: on the one hand, a large number of literati, especially the upper literati (including royal members), participated in drama creation; On the other hand, the connection between drama and people's life has been further strengthened, a large number of family classes have appeared, and hall performances are very common. The emergence of a large number of literati ritual dramas is the concentrated embodiment of the combination of these two aspects. This paper analyzes and discusses the important content of Ming Dynasty literati ritual drama, which is an important period in the history of drama. The article is divided into four parts: the first part: first of all, the concept of "literati ritual drama" is defined, combined with the Ming Dynasty involved in the characteristics of drama creators, pointed out that the literati involved in this paper is a relatively high socio-economic status of upper-class literati. Secondly, it summarizes the research status of literati ritual drama: whether it is the Ming Dynasty literati drama, the Ming Dynasty ritual drama or the relevant literati ritual drama content drama research, although the research is involved but not systematic, only focused on a certain point. Finally, the author traces back to the origin of the literati ritual drama and probes into the origin and development of the literati ritual drama. The second part: according to the different expression ceremony, the literati ritual drama works are divided into six categories: birthday celebration, season, newspaper, banquet, birth and couple. For each kind of work, according to the definition connotation, The train of thought of summing up the characteristics is sorted out and evaluated. The subtypes of literati ritual plays with relatively weak rituals are defined and analyzed. The third part: analysis of the artistic characteristics of literati ritual drama, summarized as: pay attention to stage art, ritual strong story weak, qu ci, Binbai elegant three aspects. The fourth part focuses on the value and significance of Ming Dynasty literati ritual drama in the history of Chinese drama. Literati ritual drama is a unique stage of development in the history of Chinese drama. It is the result of the participation of the upper class literati, leading the drama and drama art to come close to the lives of the people. It embodies the close relationship between drama and religion. It also reflects the close relationship between drama and people's life. The appearance of literati ritual drama proves that drama is closely related to religion and ritual, and proves that Chinese drama originates from ancient sacrifice and has a natural close relationship with sacrifice ceremony. In a word, the literati ritual drama is the consideration of the ritual drama from the literati point of view, and it is the combination of literariness and ritual, which is its unique place.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.37

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