明代科举制度下的戏曲研究
发布时间：2019-06-25 16:47
【摘要】：科举拔官制度成为有明一代统治集权攫取人才的一套有效途径,在科举制度蔚然成风的时代里,众多士子对功名的渴求早已潜滋暗长且与历代世人汲求功名的心理并无轩轾。明代成熟的科举制度体系不仅对社会上的世道人心有着价值导引的作用,而且对文学艺术特征的营建影响深远,尤其是对明代戏曲的繁盛与成熟。尽管在明代在后期多政治之良窳,然而戏曲却显示着它博兴的生机并位居要津。可以说中国戏曲史上的第二个黄金发展阶段诞生在明朝是有科举多方开拓之功的,这也正是本文要研究的问题。明代科举于戏曲的开拓之功表现有三:其一,明代国家科举教育培养出了不少学识能力较高的文化人,其中部分人走上了政坛或文坛,而随着他们染指戏曲日夥,也就使得明代戏曲文本的创作者多硕学名儒,由于这些带有政治身份与地位的学人从事戏曲创作,一方面抬高了戏曲作为末道小技的地位使得戏曲有发展的外部空间;另一方面对戏曲自身品位与格调的提高、提炼其精华并完善艺术形式与内容、完成艺术的精美化任务提供了莫大的帮助。其二,科举文化制度虽然箝制了部分主观思想的表达,但客观来说,戏曲创作者的创作水准和能力却在无形中得到了提高,这对戏曲文体包括代人立言、以时文为曲等戏曲表达艺术的形成具有不可小觑的作用;同时戏曲创作者文化水平的提高也带出了关于戏曲地位的抬升问题、戏曲文本的雅化精致化问题,因为毕竟有出身于科举的文坛与政坛领域在带领戏曲创作者们从事着戏曲的创作。其三,明代戏曲创作者皆出身于科举制度之下,他们已久经科场八股的训练,由此习惯的八股创作思维转而投影于戏曲创作之时,其创作思维与八股创作思维就并非是方枘圆凿,也并非暗室无灯,无成法可宗,当然也不排除戏曲创作对八股创作的泥实之风。不过明代戏曲尽管如此,还是向戏曲的旧说提出了呵问并突破了一些戏曲观念上的变革,如戏曲说理的蕃植、自我心理需求的表达与孝贤传统观念的变革。文章通过文献研究、定性与定量研究和文史结合的研究方法对科举制度下的戏曲情况进行论证研究,从而得出结论。
[Abstract]:The imperial examination official system has become a set of effective ways for the Ming Dynasty to rule and centralize the power to seize talents. In the era of imperial examination system, many scholars' desire for fame has long been hidden and is not the same as the psychology of the world in the past dynasties. The mature imperial examination system in Ming Dynasty not only plays a valuable role in guiding the hearts and minds of the world in society, but also has a profound influence on the construction of literary and artistic characteristics, especially on the prosperity and maturity of Ming Dynasty opera. Although in the late Ming Dynasty, there was a lot of political quality, but the opera showed its vitality and ranked well. It can be said that the second golden development stage in the history of Chinese opera was born in the Ming Dynasty with the pioneering work of the imperial examination, which is also the problem to be studied in this paper. There are three achievements in the pioneering work of the imperial examination in the Ming Dynasty: first, the national imperial examination education in the Ming Dynasty trained many cultural people with high academic ability, some of whom went into the political or literary circles, and with their involvement in the opera Japanese partnership, the creators of the Ming Dynasty opera text learned more famous Confucianism, because these scholars with political identity and status engaged in opera creation. On the one hand, it raises the position of opera as the last skill, so that the opera has the external space for development; On the other hand, it provides great help to improve the taste and style of opera, refine its essence and perfect the art form and content, and complete the task of artistic refinement. Second, although the imperial examination cultural system has restrained the expression of some subjective ideas, objectively speaking, the creative level and ability of opera creators have been improved in the invisible, which plays an important role in the formation of opera expression art, such as acting on behalf of people, taking time as music and so on. At the same time, the improvement of the cultural level of opera creators also brings out the problem of raising the status of opera, the elegant refinement of opera texts, because after all, there are literary and political fields born in imperial examination who are leading opera creators in the creation of opera. Third, the Ming Dynasty opera creators all came from under the imperial examination system, they have been through the training of eight strands in the field for a long time, and the accustomed eight creative thinking is projected on the opera creation. Their creative thinking and eight creative thinking are not square pegs, nor are there no lights in the dark room, and there is no way to live. Of course, they do not rule out the muddy style of opera creation on the eight strands of creation. However, the Ming Dynasty opera, however, raised questions about the old theory of opera and broke through some changes in the concept of opera, such as the cultivation of opera reasoning, the expression of self-psychological needs and the change of the traditional concept of filial piety. Through the methods of literature research, qualitative and quantitative research and the combination of literature and history, this paper demonstrates and studies the opera situation under the imperial examination system, and draws a conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.37
本文编号：2505837
[Abstract]:The imperial examination official system has become a set of effective ways for the Ming Dynasty to rule and centralize the power to seize talents. In the era of imperial examination system, many scholars' desire for fame has long been hidden and is not the same as the psychology of the world in the past dynasties. The mature imperial examination system in Ming Dynasty not only plays a valuable role in guiding the hearts and minds of the world in society, but also has a profound influence on the construction of literary and artistic characteristics, especially on the prosperity and maturity of Ming Dynasty opera. Although in the late Ming Dynasty, there was a lot of political quality, but the opera showed its vitality and ranked well. It can be said that the second golden development stage in the history of Chinese opera was born in the Ming Dynasty with the pioneering work of the imperial examination, which is also the problem to be studied in this paper. There are three achievements in the pioneering work of the imperial examination in the Ming Dynasty: first, the national imperial examination education in the Ming Dynasty trained many cultural people with high academic ability, some of whom went into the political or literary circles, and with their involvement in the opera Japanese partnership, the creators of the Ming Dynasty opera text learned more famous Confucianism, because these scholars with political identity and status engaged in opera creation. On the one hand, it raises the position of opera as the last skill, so that the opera has the external space for development; On the other hand, it provides great help to improve the taste and style of opera, refine its essence and perfect the art form and content, and complete the task of artistic refinement. Second, although the imperial examination cultural system has restrained the expression of some subjective ideas, objectively speaking, the creative level and ability of opera creators have been improved in the invisible, which plays an important role in the formation of opera expression art, such as acting on behalf of people, taking time as music and so on. At the same time, the improvement of the cultural level of opera creators also brings out the problem of raising the status of opera, the elegant refinement of opera texts, because after all, there are literary and political fields born in imperial examination who are leading opera creators in the creation of opera. Third, the Ming Dynasty opera creators all came from under the imperial examination system, they have been through the training of eight strands in the field for a long time, and the accustomed eight creative thinking is projected on the opera creation. Their creative thinking and eight creative thinking are not square pegs, nor are there no lights in the dark room, and there is no way to live. Of course, they do not rule out the muddy style of opera creation on the eight strands of creation. However, the Ming Dynasty opera, however, raised questions about the old theory of opera and broke through some changes in the concept of opera, such as the cultivation of opera reasoning, the expression of self-psychological needs and the change of the traditional concept of filial piety. Through the methods of literature research, qualitative and quantitative research and the combination of literature and history, this paper demonstrates and studies the opera situation under the imperial examination system, and draws a conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.37
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