中国实践美学60年:发展与超越——以李泽厚为例

发布时间：2018-01-07 01:36

本文关键词：中国实践美学60年:发展与超越——以李泽厚为例　出处：《社会科学辑刊》2009年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：实践美学是新中国成立以来产生的最重要的美学理论成果,1950年代后期-1960年代前期为实践美学的萌芽与雏形阶段,1970年代末-1980年代前期是实践美学的形成与发展时期,1980年代后期以来,实践美学呈现出深入与分化的发展态势。中国实践美学有着众多的代表人物,其中,以李泽厚的实践美学最具有典型性。在实践美学的萌芽期,李泽厚用马克思实践观点去解释美的本质,提出美既不是客观的也不是主观的,而是客观性和社会性的统一,被称为社会实践派。之后,李泽厚仍然强调美的客观社会性内容,但已经把讨论的重点转向了美的客观社会性的哲学根基——自然的人化问题,并基本上提出了自然人化的核心思想——自然和人关系的改变,自然不再作为人类的仇敌,而是在实践改造的基础上,以其感性吸引人,成为人的审美对象。在《批判哲学的批判》和随后的一系列论文中,他把马克思主义阐释为一种实践论哲学,提出历史唯物主义哲学就是实践论,并用"积淀说"去补充、改造康德的知情意三分说,对人类文化心理结构作出了独到解释。对于传统的真善美之间的关系,他提出了"以美启真"和"以美储善"说,认为审美境界是最高的人生境界,21世纪将是教育的世纪。80年代,李泽厚为其学说补充进了内在自然人化的思想,自然人化学说得到了完整的表述。80年代末以后,李泽厚把视野重点转向了美感问题,至此,实践美学观点真正得到展开。80年代以后,李泽厚不满足于仅仅从西方学术史中寻找美学的理论依据,而是深入到中国传统文化之中,以传统儒家的实用理性和乐感文化来对抗、补充西方工具理性所造成的异化,以中国传统的宗教性道德作为新时期思想文化建设的思想资源,从而在对传统文化的"转换性创造"中为中国未来的精神文化建设提供一份思想参照。他进一步阐述了实践美学和人类学哲学本体论学说,提出了"内在自然人化"、"新感性"、"人的自然化"等学说。同时,李泽厚实践美学中也存在着问题:思维方式的二元论,自然人化的"度",双重(多重)本体,等等。这些问题有的需要进一步深入研讨,如关于自然人化的"度",有的属于实践美学本身的在思维方式和建构方式的问题,如思维方式上的二元论,双重本体问题等。
[Abstract]:Practical aesthetics is the most important aesthetic theory achievements since the new Chinese established in late 1950s, -1960 in the early 1980s as the rudiment stage of practical aesthetics, at the end of 1970s -1980 in the early 1980s is the formation and development period of practical aesthetics, since the late 1980s, practice aesthetics develops deeply and differentiation. Chinese practice aesthetics a representative of many, which, in Li Zehou's practical aesthetics is most typical. In practical aesthetics in infancy, Li Zehou Marx view of practice to explain the essence of beauty, this beauty is neither objective nor subjective, but the unity of objectivity and sociality, known as social practice after school. Still, Li Zehou emphasized the social content of the United States, but has been the focus to the objectivity of beauty of the philosophical basis of the humanization of nature and the basic problem. Forward the core idea of humanization of nature: nature and human relations change, naturally no longer as human enemies, but in practice based on the transformation of the attractive, with its sensibility, become aesthetic object people. In "critical philosophy critique and subsequent a series of papers, he put Marx's interpretation a kind of practical philosophy, the philosophy of historical materialism is the theory of practice, and use the" accumulation "to supplement the three theories of Kant's transformation, has made a unique interpretation of the cultural and psychological structure of human beings. The relationship between the beauty of traditional, he proposed a" beauty and truth "and" the Fed said that "good aesthetic realm is the highest realm of life, twenty-first Century will be the century of education in.80, Li Zehou entered the inner nature humanization thought as the theory of natural person, say to get the chemical.80 in full after the end, Li The key to view Zehou aesthetic problems, so far, after the view of practical aesthetics truly launched.80's theoretical basis not only for Li Zehou in the history of Western Aesthetics from the academic, but further to Chinese traditional culture, to oppose to the traditional Confucian practical reason and alienation of Western musical culture, of instrumental rationality the Chinese to traditional religious morality as the ideological and cultural construction in the new period ideological resources, resulting in the traditional culture of the "creation of transformation" in the future China spirit culture construction provides a reference idea. He further elaborated the practical aesthetics and anthropology ontology theory, put forward the "inherent nature humanization", "new sensibility", "human nature" theory. At the same time, Li Zehou's practical aesthetics are problems in the way of thinking: the dualism of natural person, the "degree", double (Multi These problems need further discussion, such as the degree of "Naturalization", some of which belong to the way of thinking and construction in practice aesthetics, such as dualism in thinking mode, dual ontology and so on.

【作者单位】：中国社会科学院哲学所;
【分类号】：B83
【正文快照】： 众所周知,实践美学是新中国成立以来产生的最重要的美学理论成果。中国实践美学有众多代表人物,其中,以李泽厚的实践美学最具有典型性,影响最大,遭受批评也最多。除李泽厚之外,还有后期朱光潜、蒋孔阳、刘纲纪、周来祥、杨恩寰、梅宝树、李丕显、杨辛、甘霖,以及中青年一代学

【共引文献】