康德先验美学及其现代意义

发布时间：2018-03-28 07:24

本文选题：康德　切入点：先验　出处：《安徽大学》2003年硕士论文

【摘要】： 康德是西方哲学史上划时代的伟大人物：他不但给德国，欧洲，乃至给全世界带来了不可磨灭的思想财富。作为一个哲学家，他为美学创立了独自的天地，使美学真正独立于哲学、心理学等学科，有了自己的体系。康德对美和崇高的分析都是辩证的、深刻的，既修正了经验派和唯理派对美的结论，也把崇高从博克的生理需求的基础上区分开来，成为与美同等的、独立的美学范畴，康德对崇高的概念的重视和对崇高本质特征的规定，不但为美学解决了一大难题，而且也迎来了崇高美的时期的真正到来，康德对艺术也有其独到的见解，特别是他关于艺术的动因——天才及其特征的论述更值得我们思考和借鉴。康德处在经验论和唯理论两派激烈论争的时代，他的美学研究统一并超越了二者，在感性和理性相统一的大原则下，，将美学与人的精神自由、道德和内心深处的丰富性紧密地联系起来。因而，他的哲学美学以“自然与人”及其关系为基本主题：他以“头上灿烂的星空；心中的道德律”为其墓志铭；他的历史命题是“自然向人生成”；他的主体“先验性”范畴，送走了“机械——力学”的旧时代，开辟了一个“人学——本体”的新时代……他不但是思想巨人，也是开路先锋：他不但创立了“先验法”而且留下了“辩证论”；在他的理性天地里，洋溢的是人的创造精神和自由精神…… 诚然，时代在前进，思想也必然要前进。康德的哲学美学思想毕竟是19世纪德国理性精神的体现，他将其美学的终点归于理性，归于道德，必然成为后人超越的对象。然而我们将永远忘不了这位哲学和美学老人对推进人类文明进程所作出的独特贡献。人虽谢世，但精神永存，它象月光流照着后人，激发着人们去体验人生的各个层面，从而去寻找永恒的超越。
[Abstract]:Kant was an epoch-making man in the history of western philosophy: he brought indelible intellectual wealth not only to Germany, Europe, but also to the world. As a philosopher, he created a world of his own for aesthetics. So that aesthetics is truly independent of philosophy and psychology and has its own system. Kant's analysis of beauty and sublimity is dialectical and profound, which not only corrects the conclusion of empiricism and rationalism, It also distinguishes sublimity from Bok's physiological needs and becomes an equal and independent aesthetic category with beauty. Kant's emphasis on the concept of sublimity and the stipulation of sublime essential characteristics not only solve a major problem for aesthetics, But also ushered in the true arrival of the period of noble beauty, Kant also has its own unique views on art, especially on the motivation of art-genius and its characteristics more worthy of our thinking and reference. Kant is in the era of intense controversy between empiricism and rationalism. His aesthetic research unifies and transcends the two. Under the principle of the unity of sensibility and rationality, he combines aesthetics with the spiritual freedom of human beings. Therefore, his philosophical aesthetics takes "nature and man" and its relationship as the basic theme: he takes "the bright starry sky on the head, the moral law in the heart" as his epitaph; His historical proposition is "nature becomes to life", his subject "transcendental" category, sent away the old era of "machine-mechanics", opened up a new era of "human study-Noumenon". He is not only a thought giant, He not only created the transcendental law, but also left the dialectical theory; in his rational world, he was permeated with man's creative spirit and free spirit. Kant's philosophical and aesthetic thought, after all, was the embodiment of the German rational spirit of the 19th century, and he attributed the end of his aesthetics to reason and morality. But we shall never forget the unique contribution that this old man of philosophy and aesthetics has made to the advancement of human civilization. Inspire people to experience all levels of life, and thus to find eternal transcendence.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：B83-06

【共引文献】