马克思主义美学的哲学基础再探

发布时间：2018-05-21 14:28

本文选题：美学 + 文艺学　；参考：《湖北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2009年01期

【摘要】：在当代中国,尽管各种美学、文艺学流派各自突出的因素不同、观点也有差异,但其依据的理论基础并没有根本的不同,即经济生产本原论。过去,人们对这个哲学基础是没有异议的,实际上,正是这个哲学基础的认定可以重新讨论。根据马克思主义创始人在全面考察人类社会生产构成时的有关论述,可以确认,马克思主义创始人关于人类社会生产的全面描述应该是物质、种群、权力、精神四种生产,而不是物质、精神两种生产。确认社会的生产是四种而不是两种,无疑具有重大的理论意义。对于人类审美和文学艺术的生产活动而言,承认种群生产及权力生产的重要影响,同样具有重大的理论意义。种群生产远不仅仅包括两性间的欲望和爱慕等内容,一切与人的生命的孕育、诞生、培养、成长、衰老、死亡相关的现象、设施、体制和生活,一切产生于它们的源于血缘和泛血缘联系的社会关系,一切产生于这种关系的欲望和情感以及相关的伦理观念等,都属于种群生产或与之密切相关。种群生产不仅提供了原始艺术活动赖以发生的心理基础,还直接提供了原始审美和艺术活动的主要内容。至于文明社会中的文学艺术,无论是其创作的内在个人驱动力、还是其主要内容的构成,都与种群生产密切相关。权力生产与文学生产的关系课题有更广大开阔的视域,而不仅仅局限于文学与政党、政权、领袖之间的关系。可以说,在一切有人类关系的领域,就有权力关系的产生和存在。因此,完全有理由和必要将权力生产作为人类的基本生产活动来对待和研究。当代中国马克思主义美学和文艺学对文学生产与权力生产之间的关系基本是回避的,这种回避尽管有可以理解的原因,但其不利于全面揭示文学与社会的联系则是毫无疑问的。
[Abstract]:In contemporary China, although all kinds of aesthetics, literary and art schools have different outstanding factors and different viewpoints, there is no fundamental difference in the theoretical basis on which they are based, that is, the theory of the origin of economic production. In the past, there was no objection to this philosophical basis. In fact, it was this philosophical basis that could be revisited. According to the relevant expositions made by the founders of Marxism when they comprehensively investigate the composition of human social production, it can be confirmed that the comprehensive description of human social production by the founders of Marxism should be four kinds of production: material, population, power and spirit. And not material, spiritual two kinds of production. It is undoubtedly of great theoretical significance to confirm that social production is four rather than two. It is also of great theoretical significance to recognize the important influence of population production and power production for the production activities of human aesthetics and literature and art. Population production is not just about desire and love between the sexes, it's all about the gestation, birth, cultivation, growth, aging, death of human life, facilities, institutions and life. All the social relations arising from blood and pan-blood relations, all desires and emotions arising from this relationship and related ethical concepts belong to population production or are closely related to it. Population production not only provides the psychological basis on which primitive artistic activities occur, but also directly provides the main contents of primitive aesthetic and artistic activities. As for literature and art in civilized society, both the internal individual driving force of its creation and the composition of its main content are closely related to population production. The relationship between power production and literary production has a broader horizon, not only the relationship between literature and political parties, political power, and leaders. It can be said that in all fields of human relations, there is the emergence and existence of power relations. Therefore, it is fully justified and necessary to treat and study power production as a basic human production activity. The relationship between literary production and power production is basically evaded by contemporary Chinese Marxist aesthetics and literature and art. Although there are understandable reasons for this avoidance, there is no doubt that it is not conducive to revealing the relationship between literature and society in an all-round way.
【作者单位】：湖北师范学院中文系;
【分类号】：B83-02

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