从审美的“二律背反”解读康德美学的辩证观

发布时间：2018-05-25 00:04

本文选题：康德美学 + 审美　；参考：《学术交流》2010年12期

【摘要】：康德作为德国古典美学的奠基人,他在哲学史上和美学史上的贡献不会诠释穷尽。由于后学在他那里各取所需并片面解释、发挥,遮蔽其思想本意,致使真正的康德已面目全非:主观——客观、形式——表现、存在——思维、审美——伦理。如此阐释也带来了积极作用,因为这体现了一个矛盾的康德,但如果对这些矛盾做理性层面的剖析,会发现康德美学中的辩证性。康德以后,美学的学术潮流总是从一个极端走向另一个极端,从一个方向走向相反的方向,或为主观,或为客观;或为本质,或为现象;或为生命本身,或为精神理性。然而,对于一种不可能有确定概念的美本身,这只能是一种貌似科学与真理的时代呼声,它的命运终究是非确定的,康德的二律背反及其矛盾充斥的《判断力批判》即是一个明证。尽管康德本人认为只有鉴赏力本身的幻象才能产生辩证法,也即审美的"二律背反"才是辩证法,但实质上他的矛盾体本身都具有对立统一的特质,从其中能很好的体现美本身的多样性,从一个多维的侧面能证明美的东西的思维方式本身就是辩证的。
[Abstract]:As the founder of German classical aesthetics, Kant's contribution in the history of philosophy and the history of aesthetics will not be interpreted exhaustively. The true Kant has not been seen as a result of his needs and one-sided interpretation, exerting and covering his thoughts, as a result of his later learning. This interpretation also brings a positive effect, because it embodies a contradictory Kant, but if a rational analysis of these contradictions will find the dialectic in Kant's aesthetics. After Kant, the academic trend of aesthetics always goes from one extreme to the other, from one direction to the opposite direction, or as a subjective, or a guest. View; or for nature, or as a phenomenon, or as life itself, or as spiritual reason. However, for a kind of beauty itself that can not have a definite concept, it can only be a sound of the times that looks like science and truth, and its fate is undetermined after all. Kant himself thinks that only the illusion of appreciation itself can produce dialectics, that is, the aesthetic "the back of the two law" is dialectic, but in essence, his contradiction itself has the characteristic of unity of opposites, from which the diversity of beauty itself can be well reflected, and the way of thinking of beautiful things can be proved from a multidimensional aspect. It is dialectical.
【作者单位】：中共黑龙江省委宣传部;
【分类号】：B516.31;B83

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