感性生成:美学源初的思考方式——柏拉图美学思想新解

发布时间：2018-10-13 07:10

【摘要】：正对美学源头的考察使我们发现:无论是地处北温带的东方先贤;还是濒临大海的西洋大师,他们对美的探求与反思一开始并不是与艺术相关的.对艺术这种感性的符号形式的考察与研究是以后的事情.在我国,专门探讨艺术规律的《乐记》是在荀子之后才出现的(从李泽厚、刘纲纪说,详见《中国美学史》第一卷).西方亚里士多德的《诗学》也出现于柏拉图之后,而在此之前,古代的大师们早就开始对人类自身的感性心理欲求如何普遍地符合社会政治和社会伦理规范进行思考了.刚刚从野蛮昏昧中走出来的文明人发现:人的血肉之躯的各种感性需求是不可消解,也是不能消解的.这种种源自机体深处的原始冲动具有极为旺盛的生命活力,它拼命要求实现自身,完成自己.但是,问题的另一面是:对这些原始的生命冲动如果不加束缚任其泛滥,必然会引起社会的动荡和国家的混乱.一次次生灵涂炭、血流遍地的残酷战争;一回回民生凋蔽、世风颓败的社会动乱不都是由此而生的吗?因此,在古代思想家那里,审美就被思考为是个体粗鄙、卑劣的心理欲能道德升华的中介目的和必经途径.对艺术本身的考察也是在这一思想的指导下进行的.这才是东西方美学思想发展的共同的逻辑起点和源头!
[Abstract]:The investigation of aesthetic source makes us find that whether the oriental sages are located in the north temperate zone or the western masters who are near the sea their search for and reflection on beauty is not related to art at the beginning. The investigation and study of the perceptual sign form of art is a matter of the future. In China, Le Ji, which is devoted to discussing the law of art, appeared only after Xunzi (from Li Zehou, Liu Gangji, see the first volume of the History of Chinese Aesthetics). Western Aristotle's Poetics also appeared after Plato, and before that, the ancient masters began to think about how human's perceptual psychological desires generally conform to social, political and social ethical norms. The civilized man who has just come out of barbaric ignorance finds that the emotional needs of human flesh and blood are irrevocable and indelible. These primitive impulses come from the body with extremely vigorous vitality, it desperately demands to realize itself, to complete itself. However, the other side of the problem is that if these primitive impulses of life are left unfettered, they will inevitably lead to social unrest and chaos in the country. Life again and again, blood everywhere cruel war; a return to the people's livelihood, the world is not the wind of the decadent social unrest is not the result of it? Therefore, in ancient thinkers, aesthetics is considered as the intermediary purpose and necessary way for individual vulgar and despicable psychological desire to sublimate morality. The investigation of art itself is also carried out under the guidance of this thought. This is the common logical starting point and source of the development of eastern and western aesthetics.
【作者单位】：北京市委党校
【分类号】：B83-09

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