《审美教育书简》与《1844年经济学哲学手稿》美学思想比较
发布时间：2018-10-14 16:42
【摘要】：在西方美学当中，席勒美学既是康德美学到黑格尔美学的中介，也是古典美学与马克思美学思想之间的一座桥梁。《审美教育书简》是席勒美学思想最集中最系统的表现，席勒把知识论美学转变为一种人本本体论美学。席勒美学对马克思美学的影响集中地体现在马克思的《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中。可以说《手稿》中包含的美学思想，正是对席勒《书简》中美学思想的继承和全面超越。 《书简》和《手稿》美学思想的哲学基础不同。《书简》的哲学思想是一种抽象的人本主义哲学观，是人本主义主体性哲学的进一步发展。席勒认为，感性和理性都是人性构成的基本要素，在完整的人性中，感性和理性应处于和谐状态；《手稿》中的哲学本体论的基石是人的感性、对象性活动。感性活动是人的终极存在方式、是人的价值的终极根源。《手稿》消解了传统形而上学的二元对立，是新的哲学世界观的确立。 不同的哲学基础产生了不同的美学思想。在美的本质问题上，席勒主张美的本质等同于纯粹理想的人的本质。马克思不主张单纯追问美的本质，认为美的本质是体现在人的感性对象化活动中的，是不断丰富发展的过程；在美的产生问题上，，席勒把游戏看作艺术的发生动力，而不是审美发生学上的美的根源。马克思提出“劳动创造了美”命题，劳动在审美发生学上是美和艺术的产生根源，在本体论意义上，劳动是艺术的发展动力；在美的实现问题上，席勒提出“审美王国”的美学理想，具有空想性。马克思提出了“共产主义”学说，美的理想就是人的理想劳动状态，具有现实性。 这样一种立足于哲学本体论基础上的对《书简》和《手稿》美学思想的比较研究有助于我们更好地理解马克思美学的精神实质，更好地评判自90年代以来的实践美学学派和非实践美学学派的论争，从而更好地建设中国当代马克思主义美学。
[Abstract]:Among western aesthetics, Schiller's aesthetics is not only an intermediary from Kant's aesthetics to Hegel's aesthetics, but also a bridge between classical aesthetics and Marxist aesthetics. Schiller transformed the intellectual aesthetics into a humanistic ontology aesthetics. The influence of Schiller's aesthetics on Marx's aesthetics is embodied in Marx's manuscripts of Economics and philosophy in 1844. It can be said that the aesthetic ideas contained in the manuscript, It is the inheritance and overall transcendence of the aesthetic thought in Schiller's "Book slips". The philosophical basis of the aesthetic thoughts in < Book slips > and < manuscripts > is different. < Book > The philosophical thought of Jane > is an abstract philosophy of humanism. It is the further development of humanistic subjective philosophy. According to Schiller, sensibility and rationality are the basic elements of human nature. In a complete human nature, sensibility and rationality should be in a harmonious state. The cornerstone of philosophical ontology in manuscript is human sensibility and object activity. Perceptual activity is the ultimate way of human existence and the ultimate root of human value. Manuscript dispels the dualistic opposition of traditional metaphysics and is the establishment of a new philosophical worldview. Different philosophical foundations produce different aesthetic thoughts. On the essence of beauty, Schiller argues that the essence of beauty is equal to the essence of pure ideal. Marx did not advocate merely questioning the essence of beauty, and believed that the essence of beauty was embodied in the human perceptual objectification and was a process of continuous enrichment and development, and Schiller regarded the game as the motive force of art on the issue of the emergence of beauty. It is not the origin of beauty in aesthetic genesis. Marx put forward the proposition that "labor creates beauty", that labor is the origin of beauty and art in aesthetic genesis, that in the sense of ontology, labor is the motive force for the development of art, and that labor is the realization of beauty. Schiller's aesthetic ideal of "aesthetic kingdom" is utopian. Marx put forward the theory of "communism", the ideal of beauty is the ideal labor state of human being, which is realistic. Such a comparative study of the aesthetic thoughts of "simple Books" and "manuscripts" based on philosophical ontology helps us better understand the spiritual essence of Marxist aesthetics. It is better to judge the controversy between the school of practical aesthetics and the school of non-practical aesthetics since the 1990s, so as to better construct the contemporary Marxist aesthetics in China.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：B83-06
[Abstract]:Among western aesthetics, Schiller's aesthetics is not only an intermediary from Kant's aesthetics to Hegel's aesthetics, but also a bridge between classical aesthetics and Marxist aesthetics. Schiller transformed the intellectual aesthetics into a humanistic ontology aesthetics. The influence of Schiller's aesthetics on Marx's aesthetics is embodied in Marx's manuscripts of Economics and philosophy in 1844. It can be said that the aesthetic ideas contained in the manuscript, It is the inheritance and overall transcendence of the aesthetic thought in Schiller's "Book slips". The philosophical basis of the aesthetic thoughts in < Book slips > and < manuscripts > is different. < Book > The philosophical thought of Jane > is an abstract philosophy of humanism. It is the further development of humanistic subjective philosophy. According to Schiller, sensibility and rationality are the basic elements of human nature. In a complete human nature, sensibility and rationality should be in a harmonious state. The cornerstone of philosophical ontology in manuscript is human sensibility and object activity. Perceptual activity is the ultimate way of human existence and the ultimate root of human value. Manuscript dispels the dualistic opposition of traditional metaphysics and is the establishment of a new philosophical worldview. Different philosophical foundations produce different aesthetic thoughts. On the essence of beauty, Schiller argues that the essence of beauty is equal to the essence of pure ideal. Marx did not advocate merely questioning the essence of beauty, and believed that the essence of beauty was embodied in the human perceptual objectification and was a process of continuous enrichment and development, and Schiller regarded the game as the motive force of art on the issue of the emergence of beauty. It is not the origin of beauty in aesthetic genesis. Marx put forward the proposition that "labor creates beauty", that labor is the origin of beauty and art in aesthetic genesis, that in the sense of ontology, labor is the motive force for the development of art, and that labor is the realization of beauty. Schiller's aesthetic ideal of "aesthetic kingdom" is utopian. Marx put forward the theory of "communism", the ideal of beauty is the ideal labor state of human being, which is realistic. Such a comparative study of the aesthetic thoughts of "simple Books" and "manuscripts" based on philosophical ontology helps us better understand the spiritual essence of Marxist aesthetics. It is better to judge the controversy between the school of practical aesthetics and the school of non-practical aesthetics since the 1990s, so as to better construct the contemporary Marxist aesthetics in China.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：B83-06
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